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TemplateJournalsmathstatistics

IMS Journals (imsart)

Institute of Mathematical Statistics manuscript for the Annals of Statistics, Annals of Probability, Bernoulli, Statistical Science and the other IMS journals. One class option picks the journal.

LPPL 1.0+ (stated in the files; the vtex-soft repo also carries an MIT LICENSE)

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What’s inside

  • Starter files
  • main.tex6.1 KB
    %% IMS journal submission (imsart). Pick the journal with the class option:
%%   aos  Annals of Statistics        aap  Annals of Applied Probability
%%   aop  Annals of Probability       aoas Annals of Applied Statistics
%%   ejs  Electronic J. of Statistics sts  Statistical Science
%%   bj   Bernoulli                   ba   Bayesian Analysis
%% aoas, sts, ba and bj require author-year citations: switch natbib to
%% [authoryear] and the bibliography style to imsart-nameyear.
\documentclass[aos]{imsart}

\RequirePackage{amsthm,amsmath,amsfonts,amssymb}
\RequirePackage[numbers]{natbib}
\RequirePackage[colorlinks,citecolor=blue,urlcolor=blue]{hyperref}
\RequirePackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}

\startlocaldefs
\numberwithin{equation}{section}

\theoremstyle{plain}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]
\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma}
\newtheorem{proposition}[theorem]{Proposition}
\newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary}

\theoremstyle{definition}
\newtheorem{definition}[theorem]{Definition}
\newtheorem{assumption}[theorem]{Assumption}
\newtheorem{remark}[theorem]{Remark}

\newcommand{\E}{\mathbb{E}}
\newcommand{\Prob}{\mathbb{P}}
\newcommand{\R}{\mathbb{R}}
\DeclareMathOperator{\Var}{Var}
\endlocaldefs

\begin{document}

\begin{frontmatter}
\title{Minimax Rates for Estimation under a Smoothness Constraint}
\runtitle{Minimax rates under smoothness}

\begin{aug}
\author[A]{\fnms{First}~\snm{Author}\ead[label=e1]{first@university.edu}}
\author[B]{\fnms{Second}~\snm{Author}\ead[label=e2]{second@institute.org}}

\address[A]{Department of Statistics, University Name\printead[presep={,\ }]{e1}}
\address[B]{Institute Name\printead[presep={,\ }]{e2}}
\end{aug}

\begin{abstract}
We study estimation of a regression function from noisy observations when
the target lies in a H\"older class. We establish a lower bound on the
minimax risk and show that a kernel estimator with a data-driven bandwidth
attains it up to constants. Simulations confirm the predicted rate.
\end{abstract}

\begin{keyword}[class=MSC]
\kwdgroup[type=primary]{\kwd{62G08}}
\kwdgroup[type=secondary]{\kwd{62G20}}
\end{keyword}

\begin{keyword}
\kwd{nonparametric regression}
\kwd{minimax risk}
\kwd{H\"older class}
\end{keyword}
\end{frontmatter}

\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}

Let $(X_i, Y_i)$, $i = 1, \dots, n$, be independent pairs with
$Y_i = f(X_i) + \xi_i$, where $f \colon [0,1] \to \R$ is unknown and the
noise $\xi_i$ is centred with $\Var(\xi_i) = \sigma^2$. The goal is to
estimate $f$ from the sample and to quantify the best achievable risk over a
smoothness class; see \cite{tsybakov2009introduction} for background and
\cite{wasserman2006all} for a broader survey.

\section{Setting}\label{sec:setting}

\begin{definition}[H\"older class]\label{def:holder}
For $\beta > 0$ and $L > 0$, let $\Sigma(\beta, L)$ denote the set of
functions $f \colon [0,1] \to \R$ that are $\lfloor \beta \rfloor$ times
differentiable and satisfy
$|f^{(\lfloor \beta \rfloor)}(x) - f^{(\lfloor \beta \rfloor)}(y)|
 \le L\, |x - y|^{\beta - \lfloor \beta \rfloor}$ for all $x, y \in [0,1]$.
\end{definition}

\begin{assumption}\label{ass:noise}
The noise variables are i.i.d.\ with $\E \xi_1 = 0$ and
$\E \exp(t \xi_1) \le \exp(t^2 \sigma^2 / 2)$ for all $t \in \R$.
\end{assumption}

\section{Main results}\label{sec:main}

\begin{theorem}[Lower bound]\label{thm:lower}
Under Assumption~\ref{ass:noise}, there is a constant $c > 0$ depending only
on $(\beta, L, \sigma)$ such that
\begin{equation}\label{eq:lower}
  \inf_{\hat f_n} \sup_{f \in \Sigma(\beta, L)}
  \E \| \hat f_n - f \|_2^2 \;\ge\; c\, n^{-2\beta / (2\beta + 1)},
\end{equation}
where the infimum ranges over all measurable estimators $\hat f_n$.
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}[Proof sketch]
Construct $M \asymp n^{1/(2\beta+1)}$ hypotheses $f_0, \dots, f_M$ in
$\Sigma(\beta, L)$ that are pairwise $2s$-separated in $L_2$ with
$s \asymp n^{-\beta/(2\beta+1)}$ while keeping the Kullback--Leibler
divergence between any pair of induced distributions below $\alpha \log M$
for a small $\alpha > 0$. Fano's inequality then gives \eqref{eq:lower}.
Full details are in Appendix~\ref{app:proofs}.
\end{proof}

\begin{theorem}[Upper bound]\label{thm:upper}
Let $\hat f_n$ be the Nadaraya--Watson estimator with a kernel of order
$\lfloor \beta \rfloor$ and bandwidth $h_n \asymp n^{-1/(2\beta+1)}$. Then
$\sup_{f \in \Sigma(\beta, L)} \E \| \hat f_n - f \|_2^2
 \le C\, n^{-2\beta/(2\beta+1)}$ for a constant $C$ depending only on
$(\beta, L, \sigma)$ and the kernel.
\end{theorem}

\begin{remark}
Theorems~\ref{thm:lower} and~\ref{thm:upper} together identify
$n^{-2\beta/(2\beta+1)}$ as the minimax rate over $\Sigma(\beta, L)$.
\end{remark}

\section{Simulations}\label{sec:sim}

Figure~\ref{fig:rate} plots the empirical risk of the estimator of
Theorem~\ref{thm:upper} against $n$ on a log-log scale; the slope matches
the predicted exponent. Table~\ref{tab:risk} reports the same quantities.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=1.1cm,y=1.1cm]
  \draw[->] (0,0) -- (5.2,0) node[right] {$\log n$};
  \draw[->] (0,0) -- (0,3.4) node[above] {$\log \text{risk}$};
  \draw[thick] (0.4,3.0) -- (4.8,0.6) node[right] {slope $-\tfrac{2\beta}{2\beta+1}$};
  \foreach \x/\y in {0.6/2.85,1.5/2.45,2.4/1.85,3.3/1.45,4.2/0.95}
    \fill (\x,\y) circle (1.6pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Empirical risk (dots) against sample size with the minimax rate
(line) for $\beta = 2$.}
\label{fig:rate}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}[t]
\caption{Monte Carlo risk over 200 replications, $\beta = 2$, $\sigma = 1$.}
\label{tab:risk}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{@{}rccc@{}}
\toprule
$n$ & Risk & Std.\ error & Rate $n^{-4/5}$ \\
\midrule
 250 & 0.117 & 0.004 & 0.121 \\
1000 & 0.040 & 0.001 & 0.040 \\
4000 & 0.013 & 0.001 & 0.013 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{appendix}
\section{Proofs}\label{app:proofs}
Complete proofs of Theorems~\ref{thm:lower} and~\ref{thm:upper}.
\end{appendix}

\begin{acks}[Acknowledgments]
The authors thank the editor and referees for helpful comments.
\end{acks}

\begin{funding}
The first author was supported by Grant XXXX.
\end{funding}

\bibliographystyle{imsart-number}
\bibliography{references}

\end{document}
  • Libraries and docs
  • imsart-nameyear.bst38 KBVendored from github.com on 2026-08-19.
    %% This is file `imsart-nameyear.bst'
%%
%%
%% You are free to use this style file as you see fit, provided 
%% that you do not make changes to the file. 
%% If you DO make changes, you are required to rename this file.
%%
%% It may be distributed under the terms of the LaTeX Project Public
%% License, as described in lppl.txt in the base LaTeX distribution.
%% Either version 1.0 or, at your option, any later version.
%%
%% TeX programming: Linas Stonys, VTeX, Lithuania, lstonys@vtex.lt 
%%
%% This bibtex style produces structured bibliography (.bbl) file which could be
%% converted back into the database (.bib) format.
%% bibtex program must be invoked with the maximum allocation of memory (-w switch)
%%
%% This bibtex style could be used only with the imsart package 
%% starting with version from 2009/08/13

%% 2010-02-01 - splited inits "A.D." -> "A. D." and "A.{\,}D." -> "A. D."
%% 2010-03-19 - fixed sorting.
%% 2011-01-07 - inserted options: sort, nameyear, alpha, number.
%% 2013-01-28 - added: arxiv, mrnumber. Changed tags.

ENTRY
  { address
    author
    arxiv
    booktitle
    bpt_note
    bpt_ok
    chapter
    doi
    edition
    editor
    howpublished
    institution
    isbn
    journal
    key
    month
    mrnumber
    note
    number
    organization
    pages   
    publisher
    school
    series
    src
    sortkey
    title
    type
    volume
    year
    url
    id
    options
  }
  {}
   { label extra.label sort.label short.list }

INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence
           after.block between.elements }

FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
  #1 'mid.sentence :=
  #2 'after.sentence :=
  #3 'after.block :=
  #5 'between.elements :=
}

STRINGS { s t tmp1 tmp2 tmp3 tmp4 tmp5}
STRINGS { longest.label last.label list.string temp.str default.list}

FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
    { pop$ #0 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
    'skip$
  if$
}


FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    { " " * write$ newline$}
    { output.state after.block =
        { add.period$ write$
          newline$
         % "\newblock " write$
        }
        { output.state between.elements =
            { ", " * write$ newline$ }
            { output.state before.all =
                'write$
                { add.period$ " " * write$ newline$}
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}

FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    {output.nonnull}
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    {output.nonnull}
  if$
}



FUNCTION {insert.comma}
{ output.state before.all =
    'skip$
    { between.elements 'output.state := }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
    'skip$
    { output.state before.all =
        'skip$
        { after.sentence 'output.state :=}
      if$
    }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    'skip$
  if$
}

STRINGS { v l f j b ff}
INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames bother}
INTEGERS {str.length count return save.num1 save.num2 save.num3 save.num4 int done}
FUNCTION {is.in.list}{
	'f :=
	%%%% issisaugoju originalius "s" ir "t"
	s 'j :=
	f 's :=
	t 'f :=  
  list.string text.length$ 'str.length :=
  list.string 't :=
%  s text.length$ 'slen :=
  int   'save.num1 :=
  count 'save.num2 :=
  #1 'int :=
  #1 'count :=
  #0 'return :=
    
    { count str.length = not 
      #0 str.length = not
      and
    }
    {
			count #1 + 'count :=
		  t int #1 substring$ "," =
      	{
      	  t #1 int substring$ s "," * =
      	    {
		  		   #1 'return :=
  			      str.length 'count :=
			   	  }
	    			'skip$
         if$
	        
	        int #1 + 'int :=
   		    t int global.max$ substring$ 't :=
				  #0 'int :=
      	}
      	'skip$
      if$	
      int #1 + 'int :=
%			"count=" count int.to.str$ * " slen=" * str.length int.to.str$ * top$
    }
  while$

  save.num1 'int   :=
  save.num2 'count :=
  
  #0 return =
  	{ s t =
		    {#1 'return :=}
		    'skip$
		  if$
  	}
  	'skip$
  if$
	%%%% grazinu originalius "s" ir "t"
	j 's :=
	f 't :=  
	
	return		
}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% formating bbl
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

FUNCTION {make.tag}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { bother #0 =
    	{	t "volume" =
    			{"\textbf{"  swap$ * "}" * }
    			'skip$
    		if$
    	}
	    { "\b" t * "{" * swap$ * "}" * }
	  if$
    }
  if$
}

INTEGERS {sk}
FUNCTION {is.num}
{ chr.to.int$
  duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
  swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
}

FUNCTION {byear}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    {'t :=
     t text.length$ 'sk :=
			#5 sk =
					{t #1 #4 substring$ 's :=
					 t #5 #1 substring$ 'longest.label :=
					 	longest.label is.num not	
							{"\byear{" s * "}" * longest.label * }
							{"\byear{"  t * "}" * }
						if$
					}
					{t "year" make.tag 
  						"type=nameyear" is.in.list						
							{extra.label *}
							'skip$
						if$
					}
			if$
    }
  if$
}



FUNCTION {format.address}
{address empty$
	{ "" }
	{address "address" make.tag }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.organization}
{organization empty$
		{ "" }
		{organization "publisher" make.tag}
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.org}
{organization empty$
	{ "" }
	{organization "organization" make.tag add.period$}
  if$
}




FUNCTION {format.pub.address}
{ publisher empty$
    { "" }
    { publisher "publisher" make.tag
      address empty$
        'skip$
        {", " * format.address * add.period$}
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {mk.tag}
{ 'temp.str :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { 
    	b "nothing" =
    		'skip$
			{"\b" temp.str * "{" * swap$ * "}" * }
		if$
	}
  if$
}

FUNCTION {space.after.dot}
{'t :=
	"" 'l :=
	"" 's :=
  { t empty$ not }
  {   t #1 #1 substring$ 's :=
		  l  s * 'l := 
      s "." = 
				{ t #2 #1 substring$ " " =
    	      'skip$
		 			  {
						  l  " " * 'l := 
						  t #2 #4 substring$ "{\,}" =
		 			  		{
						  	  t #5 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
		 			  		}
    	     		  'skip$
      	  		if$ 
		 			  }
      	  if$  
				} 
				'skip$
				
      if$
  	  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    }
  while$
  l 
}

FUNCTION {format.author.editor}
{ 	'b :=
  	
  	b "editor" =
  	b "beditor" =
  	b "editor2" =
  	or or
		{editor space.after.dot 's :=}
		{author space.after.dot 's :=}
	if$

  	#1 'nameptr :=
  	s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  	numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    {	
    	s nameptr "{vv}" format.name$ "particle" mk.tag  'v := 
       	s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ "snm"      mk.tag  'l :=   
    	s nameptr "{f.}" format.name$ "inits"    mk.tag  'f := 
    	s nameptr "{ff}" format.name$ "fnm"      mk.tag  'ff := 
     	s nameptr "{jj}" format.name$ "suffix"   mk.tag  'j := 
  		
  		j empty$
	   		{"" 'j :=} 		
	   		{" " j * 'j :=} 		
		if$
 		
 		v empty$
	   		{"" 'v :=} 		
	   		{v " " * 'v :=} 		
		if$
 		
 		l  "\bsnm{others}" =
  			{  "et~al." "etal" make.tag * }
  			{
   				b "editor2" =
	 				{"\beditor{" * ff * f * 
						ff "" = f "" = and
		  					'skip$
		  					{"~" * }
		  				if$
	 					v * l * j * "}" * "" 't :=
	 				}
		  			'skip$
				if$

			   	b "author" =
   				b "editor" =
   				or
	 				{"\b" * b * "{" * v * l * 
						ff "" = f "" = and
		  					'skip$
		  					{",~" * }
		  				if$
	 					ff * f * j * "}" * "" 't :=}
		  			'skip$
				if$

			} 
 		if$

		namesleft #0 >
        { namesleft #1 >
            { namesleft #2 =
    		        	{ s numnames "{ll}" format.name$ "others" =
    		        	  {" " * t * }
    		        	  {" \AND " * t * }
    		        	  if$
    		        	}
    		        	{", " * t * }
		          if$
           	}
            {""}
          if$
        }
        't
      
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := 
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}


FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
	{""}
    {
    	bother #0 =
			{author empty$
   		  		{"editor"}
   				{"nothing"}
   		 	if$
  			}
			{"editor"}
		if$  
	  	format.author.editor
      editor num.names$ #1 >
        { ", eds." * }
        { ", ed." * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
	{""}
    {"author"  format.author.editor}
  if$
}

FUNCTION {make.editors}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
    { "("  

    	bother #0 =
			{author empty$
   		  		{"editor"}
   				{"nothing"}
   		 	if$
  			}
			{"editor2"}
		if$  
	  	format.author.editor
						 *
      editor num.names$ #1 >
        { ", eds.)" * }
        { ", ed.)" * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}



FUNCTION {cite.author.editor}
{ 's :=

  s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
  s num.names$ duplicate$
  #3 >
    { pop$ " et~al." * }
    { #3 =
        { s #3 "{vv~}{ll}{ jj}{ f}" format.name$ "others" =
            { " et~al."  * }
            { ", " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * 
             " and " * s #3 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ *  
            }
          if$
        }
		    {s num.names$ #2 =
    		        {s #2 "{vv~}{ll}{ jj}{ f}" format.name$ "others" =
            				{ " et~al."  * }
     		    				{ " and " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
     		    			if$
     		    		}
     		    		'skip$
        	 if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {check.auth.edit.org}
{author empty$
		{
			editor empty$
					{
						organization empty$
								{""}
								{organization}
						if$		
					}
					{editor cite.author.editor}
			if$		
		}
		{author cite.author.editor}
 if$	
}

FUNCTION {check.year}
{year empty$
		{""}
		{year extra.label *
		}
	if$	
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
  "\bibitem"
  "type=nameyear" is.in.list
     {
 	    "[\protect\citeauthoryear{" * write$
	   			check.auth.edit.org write$ 
	   	"}{" write$ 
	   			check.year write$ 
	   	"}]" 
    }
    'skip$
  if$
  "type=alpha" is.in.list
     {
 	    "[" * write$
  	  label write$
	    "]" 
    }
    'skip$
  if$

  "{" * write$  
  cite$ write$
  "}" write$
  newline$
  "" before.all 'output.state :=
}

INTEGERS { multiresult char.num k }

 
FUNCTION {string.to.integer}
{ 't :=
    t text.length$ 'k :=
  #1 'char.num :=
      { t char.num #1 substring$ 's :=
	 	  s is.num
	 	  s "." =
	 	  or 
	 	  char.num k = not
	 	  and
	 	 	}
	 	 {char.num #1 + 'char.num :=}
  while$
  char.num #1 - 'char.num :=
  t #1 char.num substring$ 
}

FUNCTION {check.mrnumber}
{mrnumber 't :=
  ""
    { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #2 substring$ "\#" = 
			{ t #1 #2 substring$ *
	 			 t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
			}
			{
			  t #1 #1 substring$ "#" = 
					{ "\#" *
		 					 t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
					}
				{ t #1 #1 substring$ *
	 			 t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
				}
     	 if$
      }
      if$
    }
  while$
}


FUNCTION {remove.braces}
{'t :=
  ""
    { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ "{" = 
			t #1 #1 substring$ "}" = 
			or
				{ 
		 			 t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
				}
				{ t #1 #1 substring$ *
		 			 t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
				}
			if$
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.mrnumber}
{ mrnumber empty$
    { "" }
    {	bother #0 =
		     {check.mrnumber} 
		     {"\bmrnumber{" check.mrnumber * "}" * }
			if$
    }
  if$
}

INTEGERS { found }
FUNCTION {cut.info}
{ 't :=
 #0 'found := 
 "" 's :=
 "" 'v :=
    { t empty$ not }
    { 
      t #1 #5 substring$ "info:" = 
			  { 
    		  t #6 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    		  #1 'found := 
          "}" 'v :=
			  }
			  'skip$
      if$

      t #1 #1 substring$ "/" = 
      #1 found =
      and
			  { 
    		  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    		  s "={" * 's :=
    		  #0 'found := 
           
			  }
			  'skip$
      if$   

      t #1 #2 substring$ ", " = 
      v "}" =
      and
			  { 
    		  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    		  s "}," * 's :=
			  }
			  'skip$
      if$   
            s t #1 #1 substring$ * 's :=  
	 			    t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    }
  while$
s v *
}

FUNCTION {format.id}
{ id empty$
    { "" }
    {	bother #0 =
		     { "" } 
		     {"\bid{" id cut.info * "}" * }
			if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.journal}
{ journal empty$
    { "" }
    {	bother #0 =
		     {journal "t" change.case$} 
    		 {"\bjournal{" journal  * "}" * } 
			if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {title.sep}
{ type$ "article" =
	type$ "incollection" =
	type$ "inproceedings" =
	type$ "booklet" =
	type$ "unpublished" =
	or or or or
		'add.period$
		'skip$
	if$

	type$ "inbook" =
	type$ "manual" =
	or
	edition empty$ not
	and 
		{"," *}
		{
			edition empty$ 
			series empty$ not
			and
				'add.period$
				'skip$
			if$	
		}
	if$

	type$ "book" =
		{
			edition empty$ not
			series empty$ not
			and
				{"," *}
				{
				 edition empty$ 
				 series empty$ not
				 and
						'add.period$
						'skip$
				 if$		
				}
			if$
		}
		'skip$
	if$
	
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title empty$
    { "" }
    {
    	title "title" make.tag
    	title.sep
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.year}
{ year empty$
    {""}
    {	bother #0 =
    		{"(" year  extra.label * * ")." *}  
    		{"(" year byear * ")." *}  
			if$
    }
    if$
}

FUNCTION {format.month}
{ month empty$
    {""}
		{ "\bmonth{" month  * "}" *}
	if$
}
FUNCTION {format.type}
{ type empty$
    {""}
		{ "\btype{" type * "}" *}
	if$
}

FUNCTION {formatpatent.date}
{ year empty$
    { month empty$
        { "" }
        { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$}
         
      if$
    }
    { month empty$
       { year byear}
        {format.month " " * year byear *}
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title "btitle" make.tag
}



FUNCTION {format.note}
{ note empty$
    {""}
    {	note "note" make.tag}
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.bptnote}
{bpt_note empty$
	{""}
	{"\bptnote{" bpt_note * "}%" * 	}
if$	
}
FUNCTION {format.bptok}
{bpt_ok empty$
	{""}
	{"\bptok{" bpt_ok * "}%" * 	}
if$	
}

FUNCTION {add.note}
{ note empty$
    {""}
    { note }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.chapter}
{chapter empty$
	{""}
	{"\bchapter{" chapter * "}" * 	}
if$	
}


FUNCTION {chap.type}
{chapter empty$
	{""}
	{	type empty$
			{ "Chapter "}
			{ type "Section" = 
	 				{	"Section "}
					{ "Chapter "}
				if$	
			}
		if$
		 "\bchapter{" chapter * "}" * *
	}
if$	
}
								
  
FUNCTION {chap.note}
{	format.note output 
     new.sentence
}

FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
    { "~" }
    { " " }
  if$
  swap$ * *
}
FUNCTION {no.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
    { "" }
    { "" }
  if$
  swap$ * *
}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% patent names
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
    'pop$
    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.series}
{ series empty$
	{ "" } 
    {	bother #0 =
		     {series} 
    		 {"\bseries{" series * "}" * } 
			if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition empty$
    { "" }
    { output.state mid.sentence =
        { edition  "l" change.case$ }
        { edition  "t" change.case$ }
      if$
      "edition" make.tag
      " ed." *
    }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
  #0 'multiresult :=
    { multiresult not
      t empty$ not
      and
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "-" =
      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
      swap$ "+" =
      or or
        { #1 'multiresult := }
        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
      if$
    }
  while$
  multiresult 
}
FUNCTION {format.isbn}
{ isbn empty$
    { "" }
	{"\bisbn{" isbn * "}" *}
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.school}
{ school empty$
	{""}
    {"\bpublisher{" school * "}" * } 
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.institution}
{ institution empty$
	{""}
    {	bother #0 =
		     {institution} 
    		 { "techreport" type$ =
    		 			{"\bpublisher{" }
    		 			{"\binstitute{" }
    		 		if$	
    		 		
    		 		institution * "}" * 
    		 } 
			if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.howpublished}
{ howpublished empty$
	{""}
    { howpublished "howpublished" make.tag }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.vol}
{ volume empty$
  number empty$
  and
  	{""}
 		{ volume empty$ 
			  {number} 
		    {volume}
 		  if$
      "volume" make.tag
	  }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {note.presented}
 {note #1 #9 substring$ "presented" = 
 	note #1 #9 substring$ "Presented" = 
 or}
 


FUNCTION {format.url}
{ url empty$
    { "" }
		{"\url{" url * "}" * }
	if$
}

FUNCTION {format.arxiv}
{ arxiv empty$
    { "" }
	{"\arxiv{" arxiv * "}" * } 
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.doi}
{ doi empty$
	{""}
	{"\bdoi{" doi  * "}" * } 
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.ppages}
{ pages  empty$ 
	{""}
	{pages "pages" make.tag 
     add.period$
    }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
{ booktitle empty$
    { "" }
    {	bother #0 =
		     {"In " booktitle *} 
    		 {"In \bbooktitle{" booktitle * "}" *} 
			if$
			type$ "incollection" =
				{	series empty$
					volume empty$
					and
						'skip$
						{ editor empty$ series empty$ not and
						   {"." *} 
						   {"," *} 
							if$
						}
					if$	
				}
				'skip$
			if$
				
			type$ "inproceedings" =
				{	series empty$
					editor empty$
%					volume empty$ not
					and 
						'skip$
						{editor empty$
							  {"." *}
							  'skip$
						 if$ 
						}
					if$	
				}
				'skip$
			if$	
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
    { "\btype{Technical Report}" }
    { "\btype{" type * "}" * }
  if$

  number empty$
		 'skip$
    { " No. \bnumber{" number * "}" * * }
  if$

%  type empty$ not 
%  number empty$
	institution empty$ not
    	{"," *}
    	'skip$
 	if$

}

FUNCTION {format.number}
{number empty$
		{""}
    {"\bnumber{" number * "}" * } 
  if$
}
INTEGERS { len }

FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
  'len :=
  s #1 len substring$ =
    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
    's
  if$
}   
 

FUNCTION {bcomment.note}
{note empty$
'skip$
 {note  "note" make.tag output add.period$}
 if$
}

FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
  month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
  and and and and and
    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
    'skip$
    { pop$
      "\btype" type * "}" *
    }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {element.type}
{	bother #0 =
  		{"\begin{botherref}" write$ newline$}
  		{"\begin{" write$
			"b"
			"conference" type$ =
              	{"inproceedings"}
				{
					"proceedings" type$ =
              			{"book"}
						'type$
					if$
				} 
            if$ 
			*  		write$
  			"}["  write$
  					src empty$
  						{"author" write$}
  						{src write$ }
  					if$
  			"]" write$ newline$
  		}
  if$
}
FUNCTION {end.element.type}
{write$ newline$
	bother #0 =
  		{"\end{botherref}" write$ newline$}
  		{"\end{" write$
			"b"
			"conference" type$ =
              	{"inproceedings"}
				{
					"proceedings" type$ =
              			{"book"}
						'type$
					if$
				} 
            if$ 
			*	write$
  			"}" write$ newline$
  		}
  if$
  "\endbibitem" write$ newline$
}
FUNCTION {same.end}
{ add.period$
  format.doi output
	%new.sentence
  format.mrnumber output
	%new.sentence
  %format.url output
	new.sentence
  format.arxiv output
	new.sentence
	format.id       output
	format.bptnote  output
	format.bptok  output
 }

FUNCTION {settings}{}

FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
	#1 'bother := 
	element.type
	format.authors output.nonnull
	format.year output
	format.title "title" output.check
	format.journal  output 
	format.vol 			output 
  	format.ppages 	output
  	new.sentence
	bcomment.note
  	same.end
	end.element.type
}


FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
	#1 'bother := 
	element.type
  	author empty$
    	{ organization empty$
        	'skip$
        	{ format.organization output.nonnull}
      	  if$
    	}
    	{ format.authors output.nonnull}
  	if$
    format.year output
  	new.sentence
  	format.title "title" output.check
  
  	format.edition output
  	author empty$
    	{ organization empty$
        	'skip$
        	{ format.address output}
      	  if$
    	}
    	{ 	format.organization output
      		address empty$
         		'skip$
         		{ insert.comma }
      		if$
	      	format.address output
    	}
  	if$
 % new.sentence
	bcomment.note
  	same.end
	end.element.type
}
 

FUNCTION {patent}
{  #1 'bother := 
 	output.bibitem
 	element.type
  format.authors output.nonnull
  format.year output
  format.title "title" output.check
	format.number output
  new.sentence
	bcomment.note
  same.end
	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION { other } { patent }

FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
	#1 'bother := 
	element.type
  	author empty$
    	{ format.editors output}
    	{ format.authors output.nonnull}
  	if$
  	format.year output
  	format.title  output
	series empty$
	  {
		  format.vol output
		  edition empty$
    		'new.sentence
				'insert.comma	  
		  if$
			format.edition output
    	new.sentence
		}
		{
			format.edition output
	    new.sentence
  		format.series output
		  format.vol output
    	new.sentence
		}
	if$
  	format.pub.address output
	bcomment.note
  	same.end  
	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION {booklet}
{  #1 'bother := 
  	output.bibitem
 	element.type
  	format.authors output.nonnull
  	format.year  output
  	format.title "title" output.check
  	format.howpublished output
 	address empty$
		'new.sentence
    	'insert.comma
	if$
	format.address output
	bcomment.note
  	same.end
 	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
	#1 'bother := 
	element.type
  	author empty$
    	{ format.editors output}
    	{ format.authors output.nonnull}
  	if$
 	format.year output
 	format.title output
 	format.booktitle output
 	format.edition output
 	series empty$
 		'skip$
  		{new.sentence}
 	if$ 	
 	format.series output
 	format.vol output
 	format.chapter output
 	chapter empty$ not
	pages empty$ not
	and
	  	'insert.comma
	  	'skip$
	if$
 	format.ppages output
 	new.sentence
 	format.pub.address output
 	chap.note %output
 	new.sentence
 	same.end
	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
	#1 'bother := 
	element.type
	format.authors output.nonnull
	format.year output
 	format.title "title" output.check
	format.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
  	format.edition output
  	make.editors output 
  	series empty$ editor empty$
  	or
  		'skip$
  		'new.sentence
	if$
	format.series output
  format.vol output
  format.chapter output
 	chapter empty$ not
	pages empty$ not
	and
	  	'insert.comma
	  	'skip$
	if$
  format.ppages output
  format.pub.address output
	bcomment.note
 	same.end
	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
	#1 'bother := 
	element.type
	format.authors output.nonnull
	format.year output
  	format.title "title" output.check
  	format.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
  	make.editors output  
  	editor empty$ series empty$
  	or
  		'skip$
  		'new.sentence
  	if$
	format.series output
 	format.vol output
 	format.ppages output
  	new.sentence
	publisher empty$
    	{format.organization output}
        {format.org output}
    if$
  	format.pub.address output
	bcomment.note
  	same.end
	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }


FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{  #1 'bother := 
  	output.bibitem
 	element.type
  	format.authors output.nonnull
  	format.year  output
  	format.title "title" output.check
        insert.comma
  	type empty$
    	{"\btype{Master's thesis}" output.nonnull}
     	{format.type output}
  	if$     
  	school empty$
    	'skip$
     	{ insert.comma }
  	if$
  	format.school  output
  	address empty$
    	'skip$
     	{ insert.comma }
  	if$
  	format.address output
	bcomment.note
  	same.end
	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{  #1 'bother := 
  	output.bibitem
 	element.type
  	author empty$
    	{ organization empty$
        	'skip$
        	{ format.org output.nonnull}
      	  if$
    	}
    	{ format.authors output.nonnull}
  	if$
  	format.year output
  	format.title "title" output.check
  	new.sentence
  	format.howpublished output
  	new.sentence
  	author empty$
    	{ organization empty$
        	'skip$
        	{ format.address output}
      	  if$
    	}
    	{ 	format.organization output
      		address empty$
         		'skip$
         		{ insert.comma }
      		if$
	      	format.address output
    	}
  	if$
  	new.sentence
 	bcomment.note
  	same.end
 	empty.misc.check
 	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{  #1 'bother := 
  	output.bibitem
 	element.type
  	format.authors output.nonnull
  	format.year output
  	format.title "title" output.check
        insert.comma
  	type empty$
    	{"\btype{PhD thesis}" output.nonnull}
     	{format.type output}
  	if$     
  	school empty$
    	'skip$
     	{ insert.comma }
  	if$
  	format.school output
  	address empty$
    	'skip$
     	{ insert.comma }
  	if$
  	format.address output
	bcomment.note
  	same.end 
 	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}{book}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{  #1 'bother := 
	output.bibitem
	element.type
  	format.authors output.nonnull
  	format.year output
  	format.title "title" output.check
  	format.tr.number output
	format.institution output
	new.sentence
  	address empty$
    	'skip$
     	{ insert.comma }
  	if$
  	format.address output
	bcomment.note
  	same.end
	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{  #1 'bother := 
	output.bibitem
	element.type
  	format.authors output.nonnull
  	format.year output
  	format.title "title" output.check
	bcomment.note
  	same.end
	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { unpublished }


READ

FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
  "l" change.case$
}

%%%%% setting default options
FUNCTION {default.option.string}
{"sort=1,type=nameyear"}

FUNCTION {set.default.opt}
{default.option.string 'list.string :=}

EXECUTE {set.default.opt}
INTEGERS {length2}


FUNCTION {in.string}{
	l 'tmp1 :=
	v 'tmp2 :=  
 
 	'l := % chars
	'v := % string 
	l text.length$ 'length2 :=
  	v text.length$ 'str.length :=

  	int   'save.num1 :=
  	count 'save.num2 :=
  	#1 'int :=
  	#0 'count :=
  	#0 'found :=
	
	length2 str.length =
		'skip$
		{
			l v = 
				{#1 'found :=}
				{
    				{ 
      					count str.length = not 
      					#0 str.length = not
      					and
    				}
    				{
	   					count #1 + 'count :=
	   					v int length2 substring$ l =
      						{
      							#1 'found :=
								str.length 'count :=  % to finish while$ loop
      						}
      						'skip$
      					if$	
      					int #1 + 'int :=
    				}
  					while$
					
				}
			if$
		}
	if$
  	save.num1 'int   :=
  	save.num2 'count :=
	tmp1 'l :=
	tmp2 'v :=  
		
	found
}


FUNCTION {split}{
	l 'tmp1 :=
	v 'tmp2 :=  
 
	'l := % split by
	'v := % string to split
	
	l text.length$ 'length2 :=
  	v text.length$ 'str.length :=
  	
  	int   'save.num1 :=
  	count 'save.num2 :=
  	found 'save.num4 :=
 
  	#1 'int :=
  	#0 'count :=
  	#0 'found :=
    {
      count str.length = not 
      #0 str.length = not
      and
    }
    {
	   count #1 + 'count :=

	   v int length2 substring$ l =
      	{
			v #1 int #1 - substring$    'l :=	% surasta dalis
			v int #1 + #100 substring$  'v :=   % likusi dalis
			#1 'found :=
			str.length 'count :=                 % kad nutruktu ciklas
      	}
      	'skip$
      if$	
      int #1 + 'int :=
    }
  while$
  	save.num1 'int   :=
  	save.num2 'count :=

  	found #0 =
  		{
  			%l  'l :=
  			"" 'l :=
  		}
  		'skip$ 
  	if$
	save.num4 'found :=

	v l

	tmp1 'l :=
	tmp2 'v :=  
}

FUNCTION {add.option}{
	l 'tmp3 :=
	v 'tmp4 :=  

 
	'l := % option 
	'v := % list
	
	v
	v "" =
		{""}
		{","}
	if$
	l * * 
	tmp3 'l :=
	tmp4 'v :=  
}

FUNCTION {remove.option}{
	
	%%%% issisaugoju originalius "s" ir "t"
	l 'j :=
	v 'f :=  
 
	'l := % option name
	'v := % list
	
	"" 'temp.str := % temporary list
	 
	l text.length$ 'length2 :=
  	v text.length$ 'str.length :=

  	int   'save.num1 :=
  	count 'save.num2 :=
  	done  'save.num3 :=
  	
  	#1 'int :=
  	#0 'count :=
  	#0 'found :=
	
	length2 str.length > 
		'skip$
		{
			#0 'done :=
			v  'f :=

			{done #0 = }
			{
				
				 v "," in.string
				 	{
				 		v	"," split 
				 		'f :=	% rasta
				 		'v :=  % kas liko
					 	
				 	}
				 	{
					 		#1 'done :=
					 		v 'f :=  
				 	}
				 if$

				f l in.string
   					'skip$
					{
						temp.str f add.option 'temp.str :=
					}
				if$
			}
			while$

		}
	if$
  	save.num1 'int   :=
  	save.num2 'count :=
  	save.num3 'done  :=

	temp.str
	j 'l :=
	f 'v :=  
	
}

FUNCTION {assign.opt}{
  % priskiriu options lauka, kad galeciau i(is)jungti "unsort"
  "settings" type$ =
  	{options empty$
		'skip$
  		{	
  			"" 'b :=
  			"" 'tmp5 :=
  			#0 'done :=  	
  			
  			options "=" in.string                % if options has '='
  				{
  					options 'b :=
  					b 'tmp5 :=
  					
					{done #0 = }
					{
						 b "," in.string
						 	{
						 		b	"," split 
						 		'tmp5 :=	% rasta
						 		'b :=  % kas liko
						 	}
						 	{
 						 		#1 'done :=
 						 		b 'tmp5 :=
						 	}
						 if$

						 tmp5 "=" in.string
						 			{
						 				tmp5 "=" split
						 				's :=	% before
						 				't :=   % after
						 				list.string s remove.option 'list.string :=
						 			}
						 			'skip$
						 if$
						 		
						 list.string tmp5 add.option 'list.string :=
					}
					while$
  				
  				}
  				'skip$
  			if$		
  		}
  	 if$
  	}
  	'skip$
  if$
  
}

ITERATE {assign.opt}

INTEGERS { et.al.char.used }

FUNCTION {initialize.et.al.char.used}
{ #0 'et.al.char.used :=
}
EXECUTE {initialize.et.al.char.used}

FUNCTION {format.lab.names.nameyear}
{ remove.braces 's :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames #3 >% nuo kada daryti et~al.
    { s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ " et~al." * } 
    {
      numnames #1 - 'namesleft :=
      #2 'nameptr :=
      s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
			{ namesleft #0 > }
			{ 	nameptr numnames =
	    			{ s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
						{ " et~al." * }
						{ " and " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
	      			  if$
	    			}
	    			{ ", " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
	  			if$
	  			nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
	 			namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
			}
      while$
    }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {format.lab.names.number}
{ remove.braces 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr "{ vv }{ ll }{ f }{ jj }" format.name$ 't :=
      
       t sortify * "  " *
	     	  nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
  	    	namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$}

FUNCTION {format.lab.names.alpha}
{ 's :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames #1 >
    { numnames #4 >
	{ #3 'namesleft := }
	{ numnames 'namesleft := }
      if$
      #1 'nameptr :=
      ""
	{ namesleft #0 > }
	{ nameptr numnames =
	    { s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
		{ "+" *
		  #1 'et.al.char.used :=
		}
		{ s nameptr "{v{}}{l{}}" format.name$ * }
	      if$
	    }
	    { s nameptr "{v{}}{l{}}" format.name$ * }
	  if$
	  nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
	  namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
	}
      while$
      numnames #4 >
	{ "+" *
	  #1 'et.al.char.used :=
	}
	'skip$
      if$
    }
    { s #1 "{v{}}{l{}}" format.name$
      duplicate$ text.length$ #2 <
	{ pop$ s #1 "{ll}" format.name$ #3 text.prefix$ }
	'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.lab.names}{
	"type=nameyear" is.in.list
		'format.lab.names.nameyear
		{
			"type=alpha" is.in.list
				'format.lab.names.alpha
				'format.lab.names.number
			if$
		}
	if$
}
FUNCTION {author.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
        'key
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { key empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            'key
          if$
        }
        { editor format.lab.names }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.organization.label}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
        { organization empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
          if$
        }
        'key
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.organization.label}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
        { organization empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
          if$
        }
        'key
      if$
    }
    { editor format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {calc.short.authors}
{ type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.key.label
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.key.organization.label
        { type$ "manual" =
            'author.key.organization.label
            'author.key.label
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
  'short.list :=
}

FUNCTION {calc.label}
{ calc.short.authors
  short.list

  "type=alpha" is.in.list
  {
    duplicate$
    year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #2 substring$
    *
    'label :=
    year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$
    *
    sortify 'sort.label :=
  }
  {
    "("
    *
    year duplicate$ empty$
    short.list key field.or.null = or
      { pop$ "" }
      'skip$
    if$
    *
    'label :=
    label 'sort.label :=
  } 
  if$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names.nameyear}
{ remove.braces 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    {% nameptr #1 >
     %   { "   " * numnames int.to.str$ * "   " *}
     %   'skip$
     % if$
      s nameptr "{vv }{ll}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr numnames = 
      t "others" = 
      and
        { "et al" * }
        { t sortify * "  " *
      		#3 numnames  =
        	#2 numnames  =
        	or
        	#2 nameptr  =
          and
        	  {year empty$
        	     'skip$
        	     {year * "  " *}
        	   if$  
        	  }
        	  'skip$
          if$
        }
      if$
		#3 numnames  <
  			{#0 'namesleft :=
  				 	"zzz   " *
  			}    
	      {
	     	  nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
  	    	namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
  	    }
  	  if$  	
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names.number}
{ remove.braces 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr "{vv }{ll }{f }{jj}" format.name$ 't :=
    	nameptr numnames = 
      t "others" = 
      and
        { "et al" * }
        { t sortify * "  " *}
      if$
   	  	nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
    	namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names.alpha}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { nameptr #1 >
        { "   " * }
        'skip$
      if$
      s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  ff{ }}{  jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr numnames = 
      t "others" = 
      and
        { "et al" * }
        { t sortify * }
      if$
  	  	nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
   		namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names}{
	"type=nameyear" is.in.list
		'sort.format.names.nameyear
		{
			"type=alpha" is.in.list
				'sort.format.names.alpha
				'sort.format.names.number
			if$
		}
	if$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
  "A " #2
    "An " #3
      "The " #4 t chop.word
    chop.word
  chop.word
  sortify
  #1 global.max$ substring$
}

FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
        { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
          "zzz"
        }
        { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
              "z"
            }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { editor sort.format.names }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
{ author empty$
    { organization empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
              "z"
            }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
{ editor empty$
    { organization empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
              "z"
            }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
      if$
    }
    { editor sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {presort}
{ calc.label
  sort.label sortify
  "    "
  *
  type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
 		{author empty$
   		'editor.organization.sort
      'author.organization.sort
     if$
    }
    { type$ "proceedings" =
      type$ "incollection" =
       or
    		{author empty$
        		'editor.organization.sort
            	'author.organization.sort
        if$
        }
        { type$ "manual" =
          type$ "misc" =
          or
            'author.organization.sort
            'author.sort
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
  "    "
  *
  year field.or.null sortify
  *
  "    "
  *
  %%%% removing title from the sorting line 
  %title field.or.null sort.format.title
  %*
  #1 entry.max$ substring$ 'sort.label :=
%  sort.label top$
  sort.label *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$ 'sort.key$ :=
  
  %sort.key$ top$
}

ITERATE {presort}

FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
{ 
  "settings" type$ =
  	{"aaa"}
  	{"sort=0" is.in.list
    	{"bb"}
    	{"type=alpha" is.in.list
    		{sort.key$}
    		{sort.label}
      	if$  
   		}
  	 if$
  	}
  	if$
  'sort.key$ :=
	%sort.key$ top$ 
}

ITERATE {bib.sort.order}

SORT


INTEGERS { longest.label.width last.extra.num number.label }

FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
{ "" 'longest.label :=
  #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
  "" 'j :=
  #0 'longest.label.width :=
  #0 'last.extra.num :=
  #0 'number.label :=
}

FUNCTION {forward.pass}
{ last.label "l" change.case$ label "l" change.case$ =
    { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
      last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
    }
    { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
      "" 'extra.label :=
      label 'last.label :=
    }
  if$
  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
}

FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
{ j "b" =
    { "a" 'extra.label := }
    'skip$
  if$
  extra.label 'j :=
  label extra.label * 'label :=
  %label top$
}

EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}

ITERATE {forward.pass}

REVERSE {reverse.pass}


FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
    'skip$
    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
  if$
    "\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" * write$ newline$
	"% BibTex style file: imsart-nameyear.bst, 2017-11-03" write$ newline$
	default.option.string "" =
		'skip$
		{ 
			"% Default style options (" default.option.string * ")." * write$ newline$
			"% Used options (" list.string * ")." * write$ newline$
		}
	if$
	
}
EXECUTE {begin.bib}

EXECUTE {init.state.consts}


ITERATE {call.type$}

FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
 "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {end.bib}
  • imsart-number.bst38 KBVendored from github.com on 2026-08-19.
    %% This is file `imsart-number.bst'
%%
%%
%% You are free to use this style file as you see fit, provided 
%% that you do not make changes to the file. 
%% If you DO make changes, you are required to rename this file.
%%
%% It may be distributed under the terms of the LaTeX Project Public
%% License, as described in lppl.txt in the base LaTeX distribution.
%% Either version 1.0 or, at your option, any later version.
%%
%% TeX programming: Linas Stonys, VTeX, Lithuania, lstonys@vtex.lt 
%%
%% This bibtex style produces structured bibliography (.bbl) file which could be
%% converted back into the database (.bib) format.
%% bibtex program must be invoked with the maximum allocation of memory (-w switch)
%%
%% This bibtex style could be used only with the imsart package 
%% starting with version from 2009/08/13

%% 2010-02-01 - splited inits "A.D." -> "A. D." and "A.{\,}D." -> "A. D."
%% 2010-03-19 - fixed sorting.
%% 2011-01-07 - inserted options: sort, nameyear, alpha, number.
%% 2013-01-28 - added: arxiv, mrnumber. Changed tags.

ENTRY
  { address
    author
    arxiv
    booktitle
    bpt_note
    bpt_ok
    chapter
    doi
    edition
    editor
    howpublished
    institution
    isbn
    journal
    key
    month
    mrnumber
    note
    number
    organization
    pages   
    publisher
    school
    series
    src
    sortkey
    title
    type
    volume
    year
    url
    id
    options
  }
  {}
   { label extra.label sort.label short.list }

INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence
           after.block between.elements }

FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
  #1 'mid.sentence :=
  #2 'after.sentence :=
  #3 'after.block :=
  #5 'between.elements :=
}

STRINGS { s t tmp1 tmp2 tmp3 tmp4 tmp5}
STRINGS { longest.label last.label list.string temp.str default.list}

FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
    { pop$ #0 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
    'skip$
  if$
}


FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    { " " * write$ newline$}
    { output.state after.block =
        { add.period$ write$
          newline$
         % "\newblock " write$
        }
        { output.state between.elements =
            { ", " * write$ newline$}
            { output.state before.all =
                'write$
                { add.period$ " " * write$ newline$}
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}

FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    {output.nonnull}
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    {output.nonnull}
  if$
}



FUNCTION {insert.comma}
{ output.state before.all =
    'skip$
    { between.elements 'output.state := }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
    'skip$
    { output.state before.all =
        'skip$
        { after.sentence 'output.state :=}
      if$
    }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    'skip$
  if$
}

STRINGS { v l f j b ff}
INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames bother}
INTEGERS {str.length count return save.num1 save.num2 save.num3 save.num4 int done}
FUNCTION {is.in.list}{
	'f :=
	%%%% issisaugoju originalius "s" ir "t"
	s 'j :=
	f 's :=
	t 'f :=  
  list.string text.length$ 'str.length :=
  list.string 't :=
%  s text.length$ 'slen :=
  int   'save.num1 :=
  count 'save.num2 :=
  #1 'int :=
  #1 'count :=
  #0 'return :=
    
    { count str.length = not 
      #0 str.length = not
      and
    }
    {
			count #1 + 'count :=
		  t int #1 substring$ "," =
      	{
      	  t #1 int substring$ s "," * =
      	    {
		  		   #1 'return :=
  			      str.length 'count :=
			   	  }
	    			'skip$
         if$
	        
	        int #1 + 'int :=
   		    t int global.max$ substring$ 't :=
				  #0 'int :=
      	}
      	'skip$
      if$	
      int #1 + 'int :=
%			"count=" count int.to.str$ * " slen=" * str.length int.to.str$ * top$
    }
  while$

  save.num1 'int   :=
  save.num2 'count :=
  
  #0 return =
  	{ s t =
		    {#1 'return :=}
		    'skip$
		  if$
  	}
  	'skip$
  if$
	%%%% grazinu originalius "s" ir "t"
	j 's :=
	f 't :=  
	
	return		
}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% formating bbl
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

FUNCTION {make.tag}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { bother #0 =
    	{	t "volume" =
    			{"\textbf{"  swap$ * "}" * }
    			'skip$
    		if$
    	}
	    { "\b" t * "{" * swap$ * "}" * }
	  if$
    }
  if$
}

INTEGERS {sk}
FUNCTION {is.num}
{ chr.to.int$
  duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
  swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
}

FUNCTION {byear}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    {'t :=
     t text.length$ 'sk :=
			#5 sk =
					{t #1 #4 substring$ 's :=
					 t #5 #1 substring$ 'longest.label :=
					 	longest.label is.num not	
							{"\byear{" s * "}" * longest.label * }
							{"\byear{"  t * "}" * }
						if$
					}
					{t "year" make.tag 
  						"type=nameyear" is.in.list						
							{extra.label *}
							'skip$
						if$
					}
			if$
    }
  if$
}



FUNCTION {format.address}
{address empty$
	{ "" }
	{address "address" make.tag }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.organization}
{organization empty$
		{ "" }
		{organization "publisher" make.tag}
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.org}
{organization empty$
	{ "" }
	{organization "organization" make.tag add.period$}
  if$
}




FUNCTION {format.pub.address}
{ publisher empty$
    { "" }
    { publisher "publisher" make.tag
      address empty$
        'skip$
        {", " * format.address * add.period$}
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {mk.tag}
{ 'temp.str :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { 
    	b "nothing" =
    		'skip$
			{"\b" temp.str * "{" * swap$ * "}" * }
		if$
	}
  if$
}

FUNCTION {space.after.dot}
{'t :=
	"" 'l :=
	"" 's :=
  { t empty$ not }
  {   t #1 #1 substring$ 's :=
		  l  s * 'l := 
      s "." = 
				{ t #2 #1 substring$ " " =
    	      'skip$
		 			  {
						  l  " " * 'l := 
						  t #2 #4 substring$ "{\,}" =
		 			  		{
						  	  t #5 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
		 			  		}
    	     		  'skip$
      	  		if$ 
		 			  }
      	  if$  
				} 
				'skip$
				
      if$
  	  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    }
  while$
  l 
}

FUNCTION {format.author.editor}
{ 	'b :=
  	
  	b "editor" =
  	b "beditor" =
  	b "editor2" =
  	or or
		{editor space.after.dot 's :=}
		{author space.after.dot 's :=}
	if$

  	#1 'nameptr :=
  	s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  	numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    {	
    	s nameptr "{vv}" format.name$ "particle" mk.tag  'v := 
       	s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ "snm"      mk.tag  'l :=   
    	s nameptr "{f.}" format.name$ "inits"    mk.tag  'f := 
    	s nameptr "{ff}" format.name$ "fnm"      mk.tag  'ff := 
     	s nameptr "{jj}" format.name$ "suffix"   mk.tag  'j := 
  		
  		j empty$
	   		{"" 'j :=} 		
	   		{" " j * 'j :=} 		
		if$
 		
 		v empty$
	   		{"" 'v :=} 		
	   		{v " " * 'v :=} 		
		if$
 		
 		l  "\bsnm{others}" =
  			{  "et~al." "etal" make.tag * }
  			{
   				b "editor2" =
	 				{"\beditor{" * ff * f * 
						ff "" = f "" = and
		  					'skip$
		  					{"~" * }
		  				if$
	 					v * l * j * "}" * "" 't :=
	 				}
		  			'skip$
				if$

			   	b "author" =
   				b "editor" =
   				or
	 				{"\b" * b * "{" * v * l * 
						ff "" = f "" = and
		  					'skip$
		  					{",~" * }
		  				if$
	 					ff * f * j * "}" * "" 't :=}
		  			'skip$
				if$

			} 
 		if$

		namesleft #0 >
        { namesleft #1 >
            { namesleft #2 =
    		        	{ s numnames "{ll}" format.name$ "others" =
    		        	  {" " * t * }
    		        	  {" \AND " * t * }
    		        	  if$
    		        	}
    		        	{", " * t * }
		          if$
           	}
            {""}
          if$
        }
        't
      
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := 
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}


FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
	{""}
    {
    	bother #0 =
			{author empty$
   		  		{"editor"}
   				{"nothing"}
   		 	if$
  			}
			{"editor"}
		if$  
	  	format.author.editor
      editor num.names$ #1 >
        { ", eds." * }
        { ", ed." * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
	{""}
    {"author"  format.author.editor}
  if$
}

FUNCTION {make.editors}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
    { "("  

    	bother #0 =
			{author empty$
   		  		{"editor"}
   				{"nothing"}
   		 	if$
  			}
			{"editor2"}
		if$  
	  	format.author.editor
						 *
      editor num.names$ #1 >
        { ", eds.)" * }
        { ", ed.)" * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}



FUNCTION {cite.author.editor}
{ 's :=

  s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
  s num.names$ duplicate$
  #3 >
    { pop$ " et~al." * }
    { #3 =
        { s #3 "{vv~}{ll}{ jj}{ f}" format.name$ "others" =
            { " et~al."  * }
            { ", " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * 
             " and " * s #3 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ *  
            }
          if$
        }
		    {s num.names$ #2 =
    		        {s #2 "{vv~}{ll}{ jj}{ f}" format.name$ "others" =
            				{ " et~al."  * }
     		    				{ " and " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
     		    			if$
     		    		}
     		    		'skip$
        	 if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {check.auth.edit.org}
{author empty$
		{
			editor empty$
					{
						organization empty$
								{""}
								{organization}
						if$		
					}
					{editor cite.author.editor}
			if$		
		}
		{author cite.author.editor}
 if$	
}

FUNCTION {check.year}
{year empty$
		{""}
		{year extra.label *
		}
	if$	
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
  "\bibitem"
  "type=nameyear" is.in.list
     {
 	    "[\protect\citeauthoryear{" * write$
	   			check.auth.edit.org write$ 
	   	"}{" write$ 
	   			check.year write$ 
	   	"}]" 
    }
    'skip$
  if$
  "type=alpha" is.in.list
     {
 	    "[" * write$
  	  label write$
	    "]" 
    }
    'skip$
  if$

  "{" * write$  
  cite$ write$
  "}" write$
  newline$
  "" before.all 'output.state :=
}

INTEGERS { multiresult char.num k }

 
FUNCTION {string.to.integer}
{ 't :=
    t text.length$ 'k :=
  #1 'char.num :=
      { t char.num #1 substring$ 's :=
	 	  s is.num
	 	  s "." =
	 	  or 
	 	  char.num k = not
	 	  and
	 	 	}
	 	 {char.num #1 + 'char.num :=}
  while$
  char.num #1 - 'char.num :=
  t #1 char.num substring$ 
}

FUNCTION {check.mrnumber}
{mrnumber 't :=
  ""
    { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #2 substring$ "\#" = 
			{ t #1 #2 substring$ *
	 			 t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
			}
			{
			  t #1 #1 substring$ "#" = 
					{ "\#" *
		 					 t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
					}
				{ t #1 #1 substring$ *
	 			 t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
				}
     	 if$
      }
      if$
    }
  while$
}


FUNCTION {remove.braces}
{'t :=
  ""
    { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ "{" = 
			t #1 #1 substring$ "}" = 
			or
				{ 
		 			 t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
				}
				{ t #1 #1 substring$ *
		 			 t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
				}
			if$
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.mrnumber}
{ mrnumber empty$
    { "" }
    {	bother #0 =
		     {check.mrnumber} 
		     {"\bmrnumber{" check.mrnumber * "}" * }
			if$
    }
  if$
}

INTEGERS { found }
FUNCTION {cut.info}
{ 't :=
 #0 'found := 
 "" 's :=
 "" 'v :=
    { t empty$ not }
    { 
      t #1 #5 substring$ "info:" = 
			  { 
    		  t #6 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    		  #1 'found := 
          "}" 'v :=
			  }
			  'skip$
      if$

      t #1 #1 substring$ "/" = 
      #1 found =
      and
			  { 
    		  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    		  s "={" * 's :=
    		  #0 'found := 
           
			  }
			  'skip$
      if$   

      t #1 #2 substring$ ", " = 
      v "}" =
      and
			  { 
    		  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    		  s "}," * 's :=
			  }
			  'skip$
      if$   
            s t #1 #1 substring$ * 's :=  
	 			    t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    }
  while$
s v *
}

FUNCTION {format.id}
{ id empty$
    { "" }
    {	bother #0 =
		     { "" } 
		     {"\bid{" id cut.info * "}" * }
			if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.journal}
{ journal empty$
    { "" }
    {	bother #0 =
		     {journal "t" change.case$} 
    		 {"\bjournal{" journal  * "}" * } 
			if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {title.sep}
{ type$ "article" =
	type$ "incollection" =
	type$ "inproceedings" =
	type$ "booklet" =
	type$ "unpublished" =
	or or or or
		'add.period$
		'skip$
	if$

	type$ "inbook" =
	type$ "manual" =
	or
	edition empty$ not
	and 
		{"," *}
		{
			edition empty$ 
			series empty$ not
			and
				'add.period$
				'skip$
			if$	
		}
	if$

	type$ "book" =
		{
			edition empty$ not
			series empty$ not
			and
				{"," *}
				{
				 edition empty$ 
				 series empty$ not
				 and
						'add.period$
						'skip$
				 if$		
				}
			if$
		}
		'skip$
	if$
	
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title empty$
    { "" }
    {
    	title "title" make.tag
    	title.sep
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.year}
{ year empty$
    {""}
    {	bother #0 =
    		{"(" year  extra.label * * ")." *}  
    		{"(" year byear * ")." *}  
			if$
    }
    if$
}

FUNCTION {format.month}
{ month empty$
    {""}
		{ "\bmonth{" month  * "}" *}
	if$
}
FUNCTION {format.type}
{ type empty$
    {""}
		{ "\btype{" type * "}" *}
	if$
}

FUNCTION {formatpatent.date}
{ year empty$
    { month empty$
        { "" }
        { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$}
         
      if$
    }
    { month empty$
       { year byear}
        {format.month " " * year byear *}
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title "btitle" make.tag
}



FUNCTION {format.note}
{ note empty$
    {""}
    {	note "note" make.tag}
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.bptnote}
{bpt_note empty$
	{""}
	{"\bptnote{" bpt_note * "}%" * 	}
if$	
}
FUNCTION {format.bptok}
{bpt_ok empty$
	{""}
	{"\bptok{" bpt_ok * "}%" * 	}
if$	
}

FUNCTION {add.note}
{ note empty$
    {""}
    { note }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.chapter}
{chapter empty$
	{""}
	{"\bchapter{" chapter * "}" * 	}
if$	
}


FUNCTION {chap.type}
{chapter empty$
	{""}
	{	type empty$
			{ "Chapter "}
			{ type "Section" = 
	 				{	"Section "}
					{ "Chapter "}
				if$	
			}
		if$
		 "\bchapter{" chapter * "}" * *
	}
if$	
}
								
  
FUNCTION {chap.note}
{	format.note output 
     new.sentence
}

FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
    { "~" }
    { " " }
  if$
  swap$ * *
}
FUNCTION {no.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
    { "" }
    { "" }
  if$
  swap$ * *
}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% patent names
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
    'pop$
    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.series}
{ series empty$
	{ "" } 
    {	bother #0 =
		     {series} 
    		 {"\bseries{" series * "}" * } 
			if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition empty$
    { "" }
    { output.state mid.sentence =
        { edition  "l" change.case$ }
        { edition  "t" change.case$ }
      if$
      "edition" make.tag
      " ed." *
    }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
  #0 'multiresult :=
    { multiresult not
      t empty$ not
      and
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "-" =
      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
      swap$ "+" =
      or or
        { #1 'multiresult := }
        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
      if$
    }
  while$
  multiresult 
}
FUNCTION {format.isbn}
{ isbn empty$
    { "" }
	{"\bisbn{" isbn * "}" *}
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.school}
{ school empty$
	{""}
    {"\bpublisher{" school * "}" * } 
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.institution}
{ institution empty$
	{""}
    {	bother #0 =
		     {institution} 
    		 { "techreport" type$ =
    		 			{"\bpublisher{" }
    		 			{"\binstitute{" }
    		 		if$	
    		 		
    		 		institution * "}" * 
    		 } 
			if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.howpublished}
{ howpublished empty$
	{""}
    { howpublished "howpublished" make.tag }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.vol}
{ volume empty$
  number empty$
  and
  	{""}
 		{ volume empty$ 
			  {number} 
		    {volume}
 		  if$
      "volume" make.tag
	  }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {note.presented}
 {note #1 #9 substring$ "presented" = 
 	note #1 #9 substring$ "Presented" = 
 or}
 

FUNCTION {format.url}
{ url empty$
    { "" }
		{"\url{" url * "}" * }
	if$
}

FUNCTION {format.arxiv}
{ arxiv empty$
    { "" }
	{"\arxiv{" arxiv * "}" * } 
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.doi}
{ doi empty$
	{""}
	{"\bdoi{" doi  * "}" * } 
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.ppages}
{ pages  empty$ 
	{""}
	{pages "pages" make.tag 
     add.period$
    }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
{ booktitle empty$
    { "" }
    {	bother #0 =
		     {"In " booktitle *} 
    		 {"In \bbooktitle{" booktitle * "}" *} 
			if$
			type$ "incollection" =
				{	series empty$
					volume empty$
					and
						'skip$
						{ editor empty$ series empty$ not and
						   {"." *} 
						   {"," *} 
							if$
						}
					if$	
				}
				'skip$
			if$
				
			type$ "inproceedings" =
				{	series empty$
					editor empty$
%					volume empty$ not
					and 
						'skip$
						{editor empty$
							  {"." *}
							  'skip$
						 if$ 
						}
					if$	
				}
				'skip$
			if$	
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
    { "\btype{Technical Report}" }
    { "\btype{" type * "}" * }
  if$

  number empty$
		 'skip$
    { " No. \bnumber{" number * "}" * * }
  if$

%  type empty$ not 
%  number empty$
	institution empty$ not
    	{"," *}
    	'skip$
 	if$

}

FUNCTION {format.number}
{number empty$
		{""}
    {"\bnumber{" number * "}" * } 
  if$
}
INTEGERS { len }

FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
  'len :=
  s #1 len substring$ =
    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
    's
  if$
}   
 

FUNCTION {bcomment.note}
{note empty$
'skip$
 {note  "note" make.tag output add.period$}
 if$
}

FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
  month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
  and and and and and
    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
    'skip$
    { pop$
      "\btype" type * "}" *
    }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {element.type}
{	bother #0 =
  		{"\begin{botherref}" write$ newline$}
  		{"\begin{" write$
			"b"
			"conference" type$ =
              	{"inproceedings"}
				{
					"proceedings" type$ =
              			{"book"}
						'type$
					if$
				} 
            if$ 
			*  		write$
  			"}["  write$
  					src empty$
  						{"author" write$}
  						{src write$ }
  					if$
  			"]" write$ newline$
  		}
  if$
}
FUNCTION {end.element.type}
{write$ newline$
	bother #0 =
  		{"\end{botherref}" write$ newline$}
  		{"\end{" write$
			"b"
			"conference" type$ =
              	{"inproceedings"}
				{
					"proceedings" type$ =
              			{"book"}
						'type$
					if$
				} 
            if$ 
			*	write$
  			"}" write$ newline$
  		}
  if$
  "\endbibitem" write$ newline$
}
FUNCTION {same.end}
{ add.period$
  format.doi output
	%new.sentence
  format.mrnumber output
	%new.sentence
  %format.url output
	new.sentence
  format.arxiv output
	new.sentence
	format.id       output
	format.bptnote  output
	format.bptok  output
 }

FUNCTION {settings}{}

FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
	#1 'bother := 
	element.type
	format.authors output.nonnull
	format.year output
	format.title "title" output.check
	format.journal  output 
	format.vol 			output 
 	format.ppages 	output
 	new.sentence
	bcomment.note
  	same.end
	end.element.type
}


FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
	#1 'bother := 
	element.type
  	author empty$
    	{ organization empty$
        	'skip$
        	{ format.organization output.nonnull}
      	  if$
    	}
    	{ format.authors output.nonnull}
  	if$
    format.year output
  	new.sentence
  	format.title "title" output.check
  
  	format.edition output
  	author empty$
    	{ organization empty$
        	'skip$
        	{ format.address output}
      	  if$
    	}
    	{ 	format.organization output
      		address empty$
         		'skip$
         		{ insert.comma }
      		if$
	      	format.address output
    	}
  	if$
 % new.sentence
	bcomment.note
  	same.end
	end.element.type
}
 

FUNCTION {patent}
{  #1 'bother := 
 	output.bibitem
 	element.type
  format.authors output.nonnull
  format.year output
  format.title "title" output.check
	format.number output
  new.sentence
	bcomment.note
  same.end
	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION { other } { patent }

FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
	#1 'bother := 
	element.type
  	author empty$
    	{ format.editors output}
    	{ format.authors output.nonnull}
  	if$
  	format.year output
  	format.title  output
	series empty$
	  {
		  format.vol output
		  edition empty$
    		'new.sentence
				'insert.comma	  
		  if$
			format.edition output
    	new.sentence
		}
		{
			format.edition output
	    new.sentence
  		format.series output
		  format.vol output
    	new.sentence
		}
	if$
  	format.pub.address output
	bcomment.note
  	same.end  
	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION {booklet}
{  #1 'bother := 
  	output.bibitem
 	element.type
  	format.authors output.nonnull
  	format.year  output
  	format.title "title" output.check
  	format.howpublished output
 	address empty$
		'new.sentence
    	'insert.comma
	if$
	format.address output
	bcomment.note
  	same.end
 	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
	#1 'bother := 
	element.type
  	author empty$
    	{ format.editors output}
    	{ format.authors output.nonnull}
  	if$
 	format.year output
 	format.title output
 	format.booktitle output
 	format.edition output
 	series empty$
 		'skip$
  		{new.sentence}
 	if$ 	
 	format.series output
 	format.vol output
 	format.chapter output
 	chapter empty$ not
	pages empty$ not
	and
	  	'insert.comma
	  	'skip$
	if$
 	format.ppages output
 	new.sentence
 	format.pub.address output
 	chap.note %output
 	new.sentence
 	same.end
	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
	#1 'bother := 
	element.type
	format.authors output.nonnull
	format.year output
 	format.title "title" output.check
	format.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
  	format.edition output
  	make.editors output 
  	series empty$ editor empty$
  	or
  		'skip$
  		'new.sentence
	if$
	format.series output
  format.vol output
  format.chapter output
 	chapter empty$ not
	pages empty$ not
	and
	  	'insert.comma
	  	'skip$
	if$
  format.ppages output
  format.pub.address output
	bcomment.note
 	same.end
	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
	#1 'bother := 
	element.type
	format.authors output.nonnull
	format.year output
  	format.title "title" output.check
  	format.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
  	make.editors output  
  	editor empty$ series empty$
  	or
  		'skip$
  		'new.sentence
  	if$
	format.series output
 	format.vol output
 	format.ppages output
  	new.sentence
	publisher empty$
    	{format.organization output}
        {format.org output}
    if$
  	format.pub.address output
	bcomment.note
  	same.end
	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }


FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{  #1 'bother := 
  	output.bibitem
 	element.type
  	format.authors output.nonnull
  	format.year  output
  	format.title "title" output.check
        insert.comma
  	type empty$
    	{"\btype{Master's thesis}" output.nonnull}
     	{format.type output}
  	if$     
  	school empty$
    	'skip$
     	{ insert.comma }
  	if$
  	format.school  output
  	address empty$
    	'skip$
     	{ insert.comma }
  	if$
  	format.address output
	bcomment.note
  	same.end
	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{  #1 'bother := 
  	output.bibitem
 	element.type
  	author empty$
    	{ organization empty$
        	'skip$
        	{ format.org output.nonnull}
      	  if$
    	}
    	{ format.authors output.nonnull}
  	if$
  	format.year output
  	format.title "title" output.check
  	new.sentence
  	format.howpublished output
  	new.sentence
  	author empty$
    	{ organization empty$
        	'skip$
        	{ format.address output}
      	  if$
    	}
    	{ 	format.organization output
      		address empty$
         		'skip$
         		{ insert.comma }
      		if$
	      	format.address output
    	}
  	if$
  	new.sentence
 	bcomment.note
  	same.end
 	empty.misc.check
 	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{  #1 'bother := 
  	output.bibitem
 	element.type
  	format.authors output.nonnull
  	format.year output
  	format.title "title" output.check
        insert.comma 
  	type empty$
    	{"\btype{PhD thesis}" output.nonnull}
     	{format.type output}
  	if$     
  	school empty$
    	'skip$
     	{ insert.comma }
  	if$
  	format.school output
  	address empty$
    	'skip$
     	{ insert.comma }
  	if$
  	format.address output
	bcomment.note
  	same.end 
 	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}{book}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{  #1 'bother := 
	output.bibitem
	element.type
  	format.authors output.nonnull
  	format.year output
  	format.title "title" output.check
  	format.tr.number output
	format.institution output
	new.sentence
  	address empty$
    	'skip$
     	{ insert.comma }
  	if$
  	format.address output
	bcomment.note
  	same.end
	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{  #1 'bother := 
	output.bibitem
	element.type
  	format.authors output.nonnull
  	format.year output
  	format.title "title" output.check
	bcomment.note
  	same.end
	end.element.type
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { unpublished }


READ

FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
  "l" change.case$
}

%%%%% setting default options
FUNCTION {default.option.string}
{"sort=1,type=number"}

FUNCTION {set.default.opt}
{default.option.string 'list.string :=}

EXECUTE {set.default.opt}
INTEGERS {length2}


FUNCTION {in.string}{
	l 'tmp1 :=
	v 'tmp2 :=  
 
 	'l := % chars
	'v := % string 
	l text.length$ 'length2 :=
  	v text.length$ 'str.length :=

  	int   'save.num1 :=
  	count 'save.num2 :=
  	#1 'int :=
  	#0 'count :=
  	#0 'found :=
	
	length2 str.length =
		'skip$
		{
			l v = 
				{#1 'found :=}
				{
    				{ 
      					count str.length = not 
      					#0 str.length = not
      					and
    				}
    				{
	   					count #1 + 'count :=
	   					v int length2 substring$ l =
      						{
      							#1 'found :=
								str.length 'count :=  % to finish while$ loop
      						}
      						'skip$
      					if$	
      					int #1 + 'int :=
    				}
  					while$
					
				}
			if$
		}
	if$
  	save.num1 'int   :=
  	save.num2 'count :=
	tmp1 'l :=
	tmp2 'v :=  
		
	found
}


FUNCTION {split}{
	l 'tmp1 :=
	v 'tmp2 :=  
 
	'l := % split by
	'v := % string to split
	
	l text.length$ 'length2 :=
  	v text.length$ 'str.length :=
  	
  	int   'save.num1 :=
  	count 'save.num2 :=
  	found 'save.num4 :=
 
  	#1 'int :=
  	#0 'count :=
  	#0 'found :=
    {
      count str.length = not 
      #0 str.length = not
      and
    }
    {
	   count #1 + 'count :=

	   v int length2 substring$ l =
      	{
			v #1 int #1 - substring$    'l :=	% surasta dalis
			v int #1 + #100 substring$  'v :=   % likusi dalis
			#1 'found :=
			str.length 'count :=                 % kad nutruktu ciklas
      	}
      	'skip$
      if$	
      int #1 + 'int :=
    }
  while$
  	save.num1 'int   :=
  	save.num2 'count :=

  	found #0 =
  		{
  			%l  'l :=
  			"" 'l :=
  		}
  		'skip$ 
  	if$
	save.num4 'found :=

	v l

	tmp1 'l :=
	tmp2 'v :=  
}

FUNCTION {add.option}{
	l 'tmp3 :=
	v 'tmp4 :=  

 
	'l := % option 
	'v := % list
	
	v
	v "" =
		{""}
		{","}
	if$
	l * * 
	tmp3 'l :=
	tmp4 'v :=  
}

FUNCTION {remove.option}{
	
	%%%% issisaugoju originalius "s" ir "t"
	l 'j :=
	v 'f :=  
 
	'l := % option name
	'v := % list
	
	"" 'temp.str := % temporary list
	 
	l text.length$ 'length2 :=
  	v text.length$ 'str.length :=

  	int   'save.num1 :=
  	count 'save.num2 :=
  	done  'save.num3 :=
  	
  	#1 'int :=
  	#0 'count :=
  	#0 'found :=
	
	length2 str.length > 
		'skip$
		{
			#0 'done :=
			v  'f :=

			{done #0 = }
			{
				
				 v "," in.string
				 	{
				 		v	"," split 
				 		'f :=	% rasta
				 		'v :=  % kas liko
					 	
				 	}
				 	{
					 		#1 'done :=
					 		v 'f :=  
				 	}
				 if$

				f l in.string
   					'skip$
					{
						temp.str f add.option 'temp.str :=
					}
				if$
			}
			while$

		}
	if$
  	save.num1 'int   :=
  	save.num2 'count :=
  	save.num3 'done  :=

	temp.str
	j 'l :=
	f 'v :=  
	
}

FUNCTION {assign.opt}{
  % priskiriu options lauka, kad galeciau i(is)jungti "unsort"
  "settings" type$ =
  	{options empty$
		'skip$
  		{	
  			"" 'b :=
  			"" 'tmp5 :=
  			#0 'done :=  	
  			
  			options "=" in.string                % if options has '='
  				{
  					options 'b :=
  					b 'tmp5 :=
  					
					{done #0 = }
					{
						 b "," in.string
						 	{
						 		b	"," split 
						 		'tmp5 :=	% rasta
						 		'b :=  % kas liko
						 	}
						 	{
 						 		#1 'done :=
 						 		b 'tmp5 :=
						 	}
						 if$

						 tmp5 "=" in.string
						 			{
						 				tmp5 "=" split
						 				's :=	% before
						 				't :=   % after
						 				list.string s remove.option 'list.string :=
						 			}
						 			'skip$
						 if$
						 		
						 list.string tmp5 add.option 'list.string :=
					}
					while$
  				
  				}
  				'skip$
  			if$		
  		}
  	 if$
  	}
  	'skip$
  if$
  
}

ITERATE {assign.opt}

INTEGERS { et.al.char.used }

FUNCTION {initialize.et.al.char.used}
{ #0 'et.al.char.used :=
}
EXECUTE {initialize.et.al.char.used}

FUNCTION {format.lab.names.nameyear}
{ remove.braces 's :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames #3 >% nuo kada daryti et~al.
    { s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ " et~al." * } 
    {
      numnames #1 - 'namesleft :=
      #2 'nameptr :=
      s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
			{ namesleft #0 > }
			{ 	nameptr numnames =
	    			{ s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
						{ " et~al." * }
						{ " and " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
	      			  if$
	    			}
	    			{ ", " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
	  			if$
	  			nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
	 			namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
			}
      while$
    }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {format.lab.names.number}
{ remove.braces 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr "{ vv }{ ll }{ f }{ jj }" format.name$ 't :=
      
       t sortify * "  " *
	     	  nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
  	    	namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$}

FUNCTION {format.lab.names.alpha}
{ 's :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames #1 >
    { numnames #4 >
	{ #3 'namesleft := }
	{ numnames 'namesleft := }
      if$
      #1 'nameptr :=
      ""
	{ namesleft #0 > }
	{ nameptr numnames =
	    { s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
		{ "+" *
		  #1 'et.al.char.used :=
		}
		{ s nameptr "{v{}}{l{}}" format.name$ * }
	      if$
	    }
	    { s nameptr "{v{}}{l{}}" format.name$ * }
	  if$
	  nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
	  namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
	}
      while$
      numnames #4 >
	{ "+" *
	  #1 'et.al.char.used :=
	}
	'skip$
      if$
    }
    { s #1 "{v{}}{l{}}" format.name$
      duplicate$ text.length$ #2 <
	{ pop$ s #1 "{ll}" format.name$ #3 text.prefix$ }
	'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.lab.names}{
	"type=nameyear" is.in.list
		'format.lab.names.nameyear
		{
			"type=alpha" is.in.list
				'format.lab.names.alpha
				'format.lab.names.number
			if$
		}
	if$
}
FUNCTION {author.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
        'key
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { key empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            'key
          if$
        }
        { editor format.lab.names }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.organization.label}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
        { organization empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
          if$
        }
        'key
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.organization.label}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
        { organization empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
          if$
        }
        'key
      if$
    }
    { editor format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {calc.short.authors}
{ type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.key.label
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.key.organization.label
        { type$ "manual" =
            'author.key.organization.label
            'author.key.label
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
  'short.list :=
}

FUNCTION {calc.label}
{ calc.short.authors
  short.list

  "type=alpha" is.in.list
  {
    duplicate$
    year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #2 substring$
    *
    'label :=
    year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$
    *
    sortify 'sort.label :=
  }
  {
    "("
    *
    year duplicate$ empty$
    short.list key field.or.null = or
      { pop$ "" }
      'skip$
    if$
    *
    'label :=
    label 'sort.label :=
  } 
  if$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names.nameyear}
{ remove.braces 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    {% nameptr #1 >
     %   { "   " * numnames int.to.str$ * "   " *}
     %   'skip$
     % if$
      s nameptr "{vv }{ll}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr numnames = 
      t "others" = 
      and
        { "et al" * }
        { t sortify * "  " *
      		#3 numnames  =
        	#2 numnames  =
        	or
        	#2 nameptr  =
          and
        	  {year empty$
        	     'skip$
        	     {year * "  " *}
        	   if$  
        	  }
        	  'skip$
          if$
        }
      if$
		#3 numnames  <
  			{#0 'namesleft :=
  				 	"zzz   " *
  			}    
	      {
	     	  nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
  	    	namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
  	    }
  	  if$  	
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names.number}
{ remove.braces 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr "{vv }{ll }{f }{jj}" format.name$ 't :=
    	nameptr numnames = 
      t "others" = 
      and
        { "et al" * }
        { t sortify * "  " *}
      if$
   	  	nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
    	namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names.alpha}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { nameptr #1 >
        { "   " * }
        'skip$
      if$
      s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  ff{ }}{  jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr numnames = 
      t "others" = 
      and
        { "et al" * }
        { t sortify * }
      if$
  	  	nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
   		namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names}{
	"type=nameyear" is.in.list
		'sort.format.names.nameyear
		{
			"type=alpha" is.in.list
				'sort.format.names.alpha
				'sort.format.names.number
			if$
		}
	if$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
  "A " #2
    "An " #3
      "The " #4 t chop.word
    chop.word
  chop.word
  sortify
  #1 global.max$ substring$
}

FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
        { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
          "zzz"
        }
        { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
              "z"
            }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { editor sort.format.names }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
{ author empty$
    { organization empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
              "z"
            }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
{ editor empty$
    { organization empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
              "z"
            }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
      if$
    }
    { editor sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {presort}
{ calc.label
  sort.label sortify
  "    "
  *
  type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
 		{author empty$
   		'editor.organization.sort
      'author.organization.sort
     if$
    }
    { type$ "proceedings" =
      type$ "incollection" =
       or
    		{author empty$
        		'editor.organization.sort
            	'author.organization.sort
        if$
        }
        { type$ "manual" =
          type$ "misc" =
          or
            'author.organization.sort
            'author.sort
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
  "    "
  *
  year field.or.null sortify
  *
  "    "
  *
  %%%% removing title from the sorting line 
  %title field.or.null sort.format.title
  %*
  #1 entry.max$ substring$ 'sort.label :=
%  sort.label top$
  sort.label *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$ 'sort.key$ :=
  
  %sort.key$ top$
}

ITERATE {presort}

FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
{ 
  "settings" type$ =
  	{"aaa"}
  	{"sort=0" is.in.list
    	{"bb"}
    	{"type=alpha" is.in.list
    		{sort.key$}
    		{sort.label}
      	if$  
   		}
  	 if$
  	}
  	if$
  'sort.key$ :=
	%sort.key$ top$ 
}

ITERATE {bib.sort.order}

SORT


INTEGERS { longest.label.width last.extra.num number.label }

FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
{ "" 'longest.label :=
  #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
  "" 'j :=
  #0 'longest.label.width :=
  #0 'last.extra.num :=
  #0 'number.label :=
}

FUNCTION {forward.pass}
{ last.label "l" change.case$ label "l" change.case$ =
    { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
      last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
    }
    { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
      "" 'extra.label :=
      label 'last.label :=
    }
  if$
  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
}

FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
{ j "b" =
    { "a" 'extra.label := }
    'skip$
  if$
  extra.label 'j :=
  label extra.label * 'label :=
  %label top$
}

EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}

ITERATE {forward.pass}

REVERSE {reverse.pass}


FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
    'skip$
    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
  if$
    "\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" * write$ newline$
	"% BibTex style file: imsart-number.bst, 2017-11-03" write$ newline$
	default.option.string "" =
		'skip$
		{ 
			"% Default style options (" default.option.string * ")." * write$ newline$
			"% Used options (" list.string * ")." * write$ newline$
		}
	if$
	
}
EXECUTE {begin.bib}

EXECUTE {init.state.consts}


ITERATE {call.type$}

FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
 "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {end.bib}
  • imsart.cls5.0 KBVendored from github.com on 2026-08-19.
    %% This is file `imsart.cls'
%%
%% LaTeX 2e class file for the processing of LaTeX2e files
%% of the following IMS/BS journals:
%%
%%   The Annals of Probability
%%   The Annals of Applied Probability
%%   The Annals of Statistics
%%   The Annals of Applied Statistics
%%   Statistical Science
%%   Probability Surveys
%%   Statistics Surveys
%%   Electronic Journal of Statistics
%%   Bernoulli
%%   Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincar\'e - Probabilit\'es et Statistiques
%%   Brazilian Journal of Probability and Statistics
%%   Bayesian Analysis
%%
%%   Institute of Mathematical Statistics, U.S.A.
%%   Bernoulli Society
%%   Institut Henry Poincare
%%   Brazilian Statistical Association
%%   International Society for Bayesian Analysis
%%   
%% Macros written by Vytas Statulevicius, VTeX, Lithuania
%% Maintained by Deimantas Galcius, VTeX, Lithuania
%% for Institute of Mathematical Statistics, U.S.A.
%% Please submit bugs or your comments to latex-support@vtex.lt
%%
%% The original distribution is located at:
%% http://www.e-publications.org/ims/support
%%
%% This class file loads standard "article.cls" with appropriate 
%% settings and then style file "imsart.sty" with additional macros
%%
%% You are free to use this style file as you see fit, provided 
%% that you do not make changes to the file. 
%% If you DO make changes, you are required to rename this file.
%%
%% It may be distributed under the terms of the LaTeX Project Public
%% License, as described in lppl.txt in the base LaTeX distribution.
%% Either version 1.0 or, at your option, any later version.
%%
%% \CharacterTable
%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
%%
%%
%% Bug fixes and changes: at end of file
% 
% TeX programming: Vytas Statulevicius, VTeX, Lithuania.
% TeX programming: Deimantas Galcius, VTeX, Lithuania.
% TeX programming: Edgaras Sakuras, VTeX, Lithuania.
% Requires Latex2e, ver.2000.06
% 
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesClass{imsart}[2025/03/18 driver class for package imsart.sty]
% 
% set various options for different journals:
\DeclareOption{ps}{%
    \PassOptionsToClass{10pt,twoside}{article}%
    }
% 
\DeclareOption{ss}{%
    \PassOptionsToClass{10pt,twoside}{article}%
    }
% 
\DeclareOption{ejs}{%
    \PassOptionsToClass{10pt,twoside}{article}%
    }
\DeclareOption{ejsv2}{%
    \PassOptionsToPackage{nosetpagesize}{graphicx}%
    \PassOptionsToPackage{setpagesize=false}{hyperref}%
    \PassOptionsToClass{10pt,twoside}{article}%
    }
% 
\DeclareOption{aap}{%
    \PassOptionsToClass{11pt,oneside,leqno}{article}%
    \PassOptionsToPackage{leqno}{amsmath}%
    }
% 
\DeclareOption{aop}{%
    \PassOptionsToClass{11pt,oneside,leqno}{article}%
    \PassOptionsToPackage{leqno}{amsmath}%
    }
% 
\DeclareOption{aos}{%
    \PassOptionsToClass{11pt,oneside,leqno}{article}%
    \PassOptionsToPackage{leqno}{amsmath}%
    }
% 
\DeclareOption{aoas}{%
    \PassOptionsToClass{11pt,oneside,leqno}{article}%
    \PassOptionsToPackage{leqno}{amsmath}%
    }
% 
\DeclareOption{sts}{%
    \PassOptionsToClass{11pt,oneside,leqno}{article}%
    \PassOptionsToPackage{leqno}{amsmath}%
    }
% 
\DeclareOption{bj}{%
    \PassOptionsToClass{10pt,oneside}{article}%
    \g@addto@macro\@classoptionslist{,nosetpagesize}%
    }
% 
\DeclareOption{aihp}{%
    \PassOptionsToClass{10pt,oneside,leqno}{article}%
    \PassOptionsToPackage{leqno}{amsmath}%
    \PassOptionsToPackage{numbers,sort&compress}{natbib}%
    }
% 
\DeclareOption{bjps}{%
    \PassOptionsToClass{11pt,twoside}{article}%
    }
% 
\DeclareOption{ba}{%
    \PassOptionsToClass{10pt,oneside}{article}%
    }
% 
\PassOptionsToPackage{cmex10}{amsmath}
% 
\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}
\ProcessOptions*
% 
\LoadClass{article}
% 
\IfFileExists{imsart.sty}%
    {}%
    {%
        \ClassError{imsart}%
            {The complimentary style file "imsart.sty" is required}%
            {%
                The complimentary style file "imsart.sty" is required\MessageBreak
                You need to install file "imsart.sty" in your system\MessageBreak
                File could be downloaded from http://www.e-publications.org/ims/support
            }%
    }
% 
% Load additional macros and modifications for "article.cls"
\RequirePackage{imsart}
% 
\endinput
%%
%% End of file `imsart.cls'.
  • imsart.sty166 KBVendored from github.com on 2026-08-19.
    % This is file `imsart.sty'
%%
%% LaTeX 2e style file for the processing of LaTeX2e files
%% of the following IMS/BS journals:
%%
%% - The Annals of Probability
%% - The Annals of Applied Probability
%% - The Annals of Statistics
%% - The Annals of Applied Statistics
%% - Statistical Science
%% - Probability Surveys
%% - Statistics Surveys
%% - Electronic Journal of Statistics
%% - Bernoulli
%% - Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincar\'e - Probabilit\'es et Statistiques
%% - Brazilian Journal of Probability and Statistics
%% - Bayesian Analysis
%%
%% - Institute of Mathematical Statistics, U.S.A.
%% - Bernoulli Society
%% - Institut Henry Poincare
%% - Brazilian Statistical Association
%% - International Society for Bayesian Analysis
%%
%% Macros written by Vytas Statulevicius, VTeX, Lithuania
%% Maintained by TeX group members, VTeX, Lithuania
%% for Institute of Mathematical Statistics, U.S.A.
%% Please submit bugs or your comments to latex-support@vtex.lt
%%
%% The original distribution is located at:
%% https://www.e-publications.org/ims/support
%%
%% This style file contains additional macros and is designed to use
%% with standard "article.cls"
%%
%% You are free to use this style file as you see fit, provided
%% that you do not make changes to the file.
%% If you DO make changes, you are required to rename this file.
%%
%% It may be distributed under the terms of the LaTeX Project Public
%% License, as described in lppl.txt in the base LaTeX distribution.
%% Either version 1.0 or, at your option, any later version.
%%
%% \CharacterTable
%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
%%
%% Bug fixes and changes: at end of file
%
% TeX programming: Vytas Statulevicius, VTeX, Lithuania.
% TeX programming: Deimantas Galcius, VTeX, Lithuania.
% TeX programming: Edgaras Sakuras, VTeX, Lithuania.
% Requires Latex2e, ver.2000.06
%
\def\imsfmt@name{imsart}
\def\imsfmt@version{2026/05/15}
%
\ProvidesFile{imsart.sty}[\imsfmt@version\space IMS article style]
%
\RequirePackage{etoolbox}
%
% hyperref must be loaded after:
\@ifpackageloaded{hyperref}%
    {\@latex@error{Package 'hyperref' must be loaded after 'imsart'!}\@ehc}%
    {}
%
% Passoptions to hyperref:
\ifdefined\loadhyperrefoptions
\else
    \def\loadhyperrefoptions{%
        \PassOptionsToPackage{colorlinks,citecolor=blue,urlcolor=blue,%
            linkcolor=blue,linktocpage=true}{hyperref}%
        }
\fi
%
\loadhyperrefoptions
%
% General options:
%
% prints out \bid{doi={}}
\newif\if@print@bid@doi \@print@bid@doifalse
\DeclareOption{printbiddoi}{\global\@print@bid@doitrue}
%
% Put keywords as footnote
\newif\if@keywordsasfootnote
\DeclareOption{keywordsasfootnote}{\@keywordsasfootnotetrue}
%
% Put history as footnote
\newif\if@historyasfootnote
\DeclareOption{historyasfootnote}{\@historyasfootnotetrue}
%
% Put address as footnote
\newif\if@addressasfootnote
\DeclareOption{addressasfootnote}{\@addressasfootnotetrue}
%
% Put addresses at end of document
\newif\if@addressatend
\DeclareOption{addressatend}{\@addressatendtrue}
%
% Put "." after inline section headings:
\newif\if@autosecdot
\DeclareOption{autosecdot}{\@autosecdottrue}
\DeclareOption{noautosecdot}{\AtBeginDocument{\@autosecdotfalse}}
%
% do not print thanksref undefined marks
\newif\if@noundefthanksref
\DeclareOption{noundefthanksref}{\@noundefthanksreftrue}
%
\newif\if@front@back \@front@backfalse
\DeclareOption{frontback}{\global\@front@backtrue}
%
% Load amsmath style with correct settings:
\newif\if@load@amsmath
\DeclareOption{amsmath}{\@load@amsmathtrue}
%
% Load amsthm style with correct settings:
\newif\if@load@amsthm
\DeclareOption{amsthm}{\@load@amsthmtrue}
%
% Resets equation number in each section
\newif\if@imsart@seceqn
\DeclareOption{seceqn}{\@imsart@seceqntrue}
%
% Load amsmath with leqno option
\newif\if@amsmath@leqno
%
% Load natbib with correct settings:
\newif\if@load@natbib
\DeclareOption{natbib}{\@load@natbibtrue}
%
% When hyperref is loaded, makes a hyperlink only from year component of the cite command:
\newif\if@linksfromyear\@linksfromyearfalse
\DeclareOption{linksfromyear}{\@linksfromyeartrue}
%
\newif\if@imsart@numbers
\newif\if@imsart@authoryear
\newif\if@imsart@nameyear
\DeclareOption{numbers}{%
    \@imsart@numberstrue
    \PassOptionsToPackage{numbers}{natbib}%
    }
\DeclareOption{nameyear}{%
    \PassOptionsToPackage{authoryear}{natbib}%
    \@imsart@nameyeartrue
    \@imsart@authoryeartrue
    }
\DeclareOption{authoryear}{%
    \PassOptionsToPackage{authoryear}{natbib}%
    \@imsart@nameyeartrue
    \@imsart@authoryeartrue
    }
%
\newif\if@ims@rotating
\DeclareOption{rotating}{\@ims@rotatingtrue}
%
% enable writing to .aux
\newif\if@supertoc \@supertocfalse
\newif\if@changetoc \@changetocfalse
%
% for new thanksref syntax
\newif\if@updated@thanksref \@updated@thanksreffalse
%
% error message if xr or xr-hyper packages are loaded
\newif\if@load@xr@or@xr@hyper \@load@xr@or@xr@hyperfalse
%
% Information about journals
%
\def\set@generic{\def\@tempa{-generic}}
\AtEndOfPackage{\set@generic}
%
\DeclareOption{ba}{%
    \def\journal@id{-ba}%
    \def\journal@name{Bayesian Analysis}%
    \def\journal@issn@print{1936-0975}%
    \def\journal@issn@electronic{1931-6690}%
    \def\journal@url{https://bayesian.org/resources/bayesian-analysis/}%
    \@balayouttrue
    \@noundefthanksreftrue
    \@updated@thanksreftrue
    \@addressasfootnotetrue
    }
%
\DeclareOption{ps}{%
    \def\journal@id{-ps}%
    \def\journal@name{Probability Surveys }%
    \def\journal@issn{ISSN: 1549-5787}%
    \def\journal@url{https://imstat.org/journals-and-publications/probability-surveys/}%
    \@ejs@ps@ss@layouttrue
    \@print@bid@doitrue
    \@imsart@showframetrue
    }
%
% Information about journals
\DeclareOption{ss}{%
    \def\journal@id{-ss}%
    \def\journal@name{Statistics Surveys }%
    \def\journal@issn{ISSN: 1935-7516}%
    \def\journal@url{https://imstat.org/journals-and-publications/statistics-surveys/}%
    \@ejs@ps@ss@layouttrue
    \@print@bid@doitrue
    \@imsart@showframetrue
    }
%
% Information about journals
\DeclareOption{ejs}{%
    \def\journal@id{-ejs}%
    \def\journal@name{Electronic Journal of Statistics }%
    \def\journal@issn{ISSN: 1935-7524}%
    \def\journal@url{https://imstat.org/journals-and-publications/electronic-journal-of-statistics/}%
    \@ejs@ps@ss@layouttrue
    \@print@bid@doitrue
    \@imsart@showframetrue
    }
\newif\if@ejsvtwo@layout \@ejsvtwo@layoutfalse
\DeclareOption{ejsv2}{%
    \def\journal@id{-ejs}%
    \def\journal@name{Electronic Journal of Statistics }%
    \def\journal@issn{ISSN: 1935-7524}%
    \def\journal@url{https://imstat.org/journals-and-publications/electronic-journal-of-statistics/}%
    \@ejs@ps@ss@layouttrue
    \@print@bid@doitrue
    \@imsart@showframetrue
    \@ejsvtwo@layouttrue
    }
%
% Options for the IMS journals:
%
\DeclareOption{aap}{%
    \def\journal@id{-aap}%
    \def\journal@name{Submitted to the Annals of Applied Probability }%
    \def\journal@url{https://imstat.org/journals-and-publications/annals-of-applied-probability/}%
    \set@page@layout{405bp}{646bp}%
    \@twosidetrue
    \input{leqno.clo}% formula numbers at left
    \@amsmath@leqnotrue
    \@historyasfootnotetrue
    \@keywordsasfootnotetrue
    \@imslayouttrue
    \@autosecdottrue
    \@print@bid@doitrue
    \@updated@thanksreftrue
    \@load@amsthmtrue
    \@load@xr@or@xr@hypertrue
    \@author@sep@by@numbertrue
    }
%
\DeclareOption{aop}{%
    \def\journal@id{-aop}%
    \def\journal@name{Submitted to the Annals of Probability }%
    \def\journal@url{https://imstat.org/journals-and-publications/annals-of-probability/}%
    \set@page@layout{405bp}{646bp}%
    \@twosidetrue
    \input{leqno.clo}% formula numbers at left
    \@amsmath@leqnotrue
    \@historyasfootnotetrue
    \@keywordsasfootnotetrue
    \@imslayouttrue
    \@autosecdottrue
    \@print@bid@doitrue
    \@updated@thanksreftrue
    \@load@amsthmtrue
    \@load@xr@or@xr@hypertrue
    \@author@sep@by@numbertrue
    }
%
\DeclareOption{aos}{%
    \def\journal@id{-aos}%
    \def\journal@name{Submitted to the Annals of Statistics }%
    \def\journal@url{https://imstat.org/journals-and-publications/annals-of-statistics/}%
    \set@page@layout{405bp}{646bp}%
    \@twosidetrue
    \input{leqno.clo}% formula numbers at left
    \@amsmath@leqnotrue
    \@historyasfootnotetrue
    \@keywordsasfootnotetrue
    \@imslayouttrue
    \@autosecdottrue
    \@print@bid@doitrue
    \@updated@thanksreftrue
    \@load@amsthmtrue
    \@load@xr@or@xr@hypertrue
    \@author@sep@by@numbertrue
    }
%
\DeclareOption{aoas}{%
    \def\journal@id{-aoas}%
    \def\journal@name{Submitted to the Annals of Applied Statistics }%
    \def\journal@url{https://imstat.org/journals-and-publications/annals-of-applied-statistics/}%
    \set@page@layout{405bp}{646bp}%
    \@twosidetrue
    \input{leqno.clo}% formula numbers at left
    \@amsmath@leqnotrue
    \@historyasfootnotetrue
    \@keywordsasfootnotetrue
    \@imslayouttrue
    \@autosecdottrue
    \@print@bid@doitrue
    \@updated@thanksreftrue
    \@load@amsthmtrue
    \@load@xr@or@xr@hypertrue
    \@author@sep@by@numbertrue
    \AtBeginDocument{%
        \@ifpackagewith{natbib}{numbers}{%
            \@latex@error{Only author-year citations are allowed!
                Please use the option 'authoryear' of 'natbib' package}{}%
            }{}%
        }%
    }
%
\DeclareOption{sts}{%
    \def\journal@id{-sts}%
    \def\journal@name{Submitted to Statistical Science }%
    \def\journal@url{https://imstat.org/journals-and-publications/statistical-science/}%
    \set@page@layout{408.62625pt}{702.75pt}% twocol wd - 10pc
    \@twosidetrue
    \input{leqno.clo}% formula numbers at left
    \@amsmath@leqnotrue
    \@stslayouttrue
    \@autosecdottrue
    \@twocolumntrue
    \@print@bid@doitrue
    \@load@amsthmtrue
    \@load@xr@or@xr@hypertrue
    \@author@sep@by@numbertrue
    \AtEndPreamble{\if@twocolumn\set@page@layout{528.62625pt}{702.75pt}\fi}%
    }
%
\DeclareOption{bj}{%
    \def\journal@id{-bj}%
    \def\journal@name{Submitted to Bernoulli }%
    \def\journal@url{https://www.bernoullisociety.org/index.php/publications/bernoulli-journal/bernoulli-journal}%
    \def\journal@issn{1350-7265}%
    \set@page@layout{34pc}{574pt}%
    \@twosidetrue
    \@bjlayouttrue
    \@autosecdottrue
    \@updated@thanksreftrue
    \@print@bid@doitrue
    \@load@amsthmtrue
    \@load@amsmathtrue
    \@load@natbibtrue
    \@imsart@showframetrue
    \@load@xr@or@xr@hypertrue
    \@author@sep@by@numbertrue
    }
%
\DeclareOption{aihp}{%
    \def\journal@id{-aihp}%
    \def\journal@name{Submitted to the Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincar\'e - 
        Probabilit\'es et Statistiques}%
    \def\journal@url{https://imstat.org/journals-and-publications/annales-de-linstitut-henri-poincare/}%
    \set@page@layout{169.475mm}{56pc}%
    \@twosidetrue
    \input{leqno.clo}% formula numbers at left
    \@amsmath@leqnotrue
    \@aihplayouttrue
    \@autosecdottrue
    \@updated@thanksreftrue
    \@print@bid@doitrue
    \@load@amsthmtrue
    \@load@xr@or@xr@hypertrue
    \@author@sep@by@numbertrue
    \AtBeginDocument{%
        \@ifpackagewith{natbib}{authoryear}{%
            \@latex@error{Only numerical citations are allowed!
                Please use the option 'numbers' of 'natbib' package}{}%
            }{}%
        }%
    }
%
\DeclareOption{bjps}{%
    \def\journal@id{-bjps}%
    \def\journal@name{Submitted to the Brazilian Journal of Probability and Statistics}%
    \def\journal@url{https://imstat.org/journals-and-publications/brazilian-journal-of-probability-and-statistics/}%
    \set@page@layout{405pt}{646pt}%
    \@twosidetrue
    \@historyasfootnotetrue
    \@keywordsasfootnotetrue
    \@bjpslayouttrue
    \@autosecdottrue
    \@updated@thanksreftrue
    \@print@bid@doitrue
    \@load@amsthmtrue
    \@load@xr@or@xr@hypertrue
    \@author@sep@by@numbertrue
    \AtBeginDocument{%
        \@ifpackagewith{natbib}{numbers}{%
            \@latex@error{Only author-year citations are allowed!
                Please use the option 'authoryear' of 'natbib' package}{}%
            }{}%
        }%
    }
%
%% Layouts:
% IMS journals AAP, AOP, AOS layout:
\newif\if@imslayout \@imslayoutfalse
%
% IMS STS journal layout:
\newif\if@stslayout \@stslayoutfalse
%
% EJS, PS, SS journals layout:
\newif\if@ejs@ps@ss@layout \@ejs@ps@ss@layoutfalse
%
% BA journal layout:
\newif\if@balayout \@balayoutfalse
%
% BS BJ journal layout:
\newif\if@bjlayout \@bjlayoutfalse
%
% AIHP journal layout:
\newif\if@aihplayout \@aihplayoutfalse
%
% BJPS journal layout:
\newif\if@bjpslayout \@bjpslayoutfalse
%
% Spacing
\DeclareOption{doublespacing}{\doublespacing}
\DeclareOption{singlespacing}{\singlespacing}
%
\def\singlespacing{\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{}\large\normalsize}
\def\doublespacing{\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.6}\large\normalsize}
%
% Do not print id line at bottom of the page:
\DeclareOption{noinfoline}{\AtBeginDocument{\let\info@line\@empty}}
\DeclareOption{infoline}{\AtBeginDocument{\let\info@line\infoline@text}}
%
% Put lines numbers in margins
\newif\ifnumberlines@ \numberlines@false
\DeclareOption{linenumbers}{\numberlines@true}
\DeclareOption{nolinenumbers}{\numberlines@false}
%
% Put frame on page layout
\newif\if@imsart@showframe \@imsart@showframefalse
\DeclareOption{showframe}{\@imsart@showframetrue}
\DeclareOption{noshowframe}{\@imsart@showframefalse}
%
% twoside (to catch direct use)
\newif\if@imsart@twoside \@imsart@twosidefalse
\DeclareOption{twoside}{\global\@imsart@twosidetrue}
%
% Combined options:
%
% Use this option for submission for pier review:
\DeclareOption{submission}{%
    \singlespacing
    \AtBeginDocument{\let\info@line\infoline@text}%
    \numberlines@false
    }
%
% use this option for pre-edition
\DeclareOption{preedit}{%
    \doublespacing
    \AtBeginDocument{%
        \let\info@line\@empty
        \set@preedit@page@layout
        }%
    \numberlines@false
    }
%
% for preprint or supplement articles - removes journal info
\newif\if@imsart@preprint \@imsart@preprintfalse
\ifcsundef{imsart@preprint@settings}%
    {%
        \def\imsart@preprint@settings{%
            \global\@imsart@preprinttrue
            \let\info@line\@empty
            \numberlines@false
            }%
    }%
    {}
\DeclareOption{preprint}{%
    \imsart@preprint@settings
    }
%
\newif\if@author@sep@by@number \@author@sep@by@numberfalse
%
% Initiate some info:
\def\journal@name{}
\def\journal@url{}
\def\journal@issn{}
\def\journal@id{-generic}
\def\paper@url{}
\def\info@line{}
\def\copyrightowner@text{}
\def\msc@url{https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/msc/msc2020.html}
%
% set@page@layout
%
% \set@page@layout{\textwidth}{\textheight}
\def\set@page@layout#1#2{%
    \setlength\textwidth{#1}%
    \@settopoint\textwidth
    \setlength\textheight{#2}%
    \@settopoint\textheight
    %
    % make side margins equal:
    \setlength\@tempdima{\paperwidth}%
    \addtolength\@tempdima{-\textwidth}%
    \setlength\oddsidemargin{.5\@tempdima}%
    \addtolength\oddsidemargin{-1in}%
    \setlength\evensidemargin{\oddsidemargin}%
    \@settopoint\oddsidemargin
    \@settopoint\evensidemargin
    %
    % topmargin
    \setlength\topmargin{\paperheight}%
    \addtolength\topmargin{-2in}%
    \addtolength\topmargin{-\headheight}%
    \addtolength\topmargin{-\headsep}%
    \addtolength\topmargin{-\textheight}%
    \addtolength\topmargin{-\footskip}% this might be wrong!
    \addtolength\topmargin{-.5\topmargin}%
    \@settopoint\topmargin
    %
    % check if tw and th aren't altered
    \xdef\imsart@check@textwidth{\the\textwidth}%
    \xdef\imsart@check@textheight{\the\textheight}%
    \AtEndDocument{%
        \@ifundefined{do@not@check@textbox@alter}%
            {%
                \ifdim\textwidth=\imsart@check@textwidth
                \else
                    \PackageError{imsart}{\string\textwidth\space cannot be altered}\@ehc
                \fi
                \ifdim\textheight=\imsart@check@textheight
                \else
                    \PackageError{imsart}{\string\textheight\space cannot be altered}\@ehc
                \fi
            }%
            {}%
        }%
    }
%
\def\set@preedit@page@layout{%
    \setlength\paperwidth{\textwidth}%
    \addtolength\paperwidth{2in}%
    \setlength\oddsidemargin{0in}%
    \let\evensidemargin\oddsidemargin
    \setlength\paperheight{\textheight}%
    \addtolength\paperheight{2in}%
    \addtolength\paperheight{\headheight}%
    \addtolength\paperheight{\headsep}%
    \setlength\topmargin{0in}%
    }
%
% Load imsart.cnf with additional options:
\@input{\imsfmt@name.cnf}
%
% Execute options
\ExecuteOptions{}
\ProcessOptions
%
\csname imsart@fileinfo\endcsname
\ifdefined\jobstart@date@info
\else
    \edef\jobstart@date@info{\the\year\two@digits{\the\month}\two@digits{\the\day}}
\fi
%
\if@bjlayout
    \if@imsart@nameyear
    \else
        \PassOptionsToPackage{sort&compress}{natbib}%
    \fi
\fi
%
% dimensions
%
\setlength\parindent{12\p@}
\setlength\headsep{14\p@}
\setlength\footskip{14\p@}
\if@aihplayout
    \setlength\footskip{24\p@}
\fi
\if@bjlayout
    \setlength\parindent{10\p@}
    \setlength\footskip{24\p@}
\fi
%
\setlength\smallskipamount{6\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@}
\setlength\medskipamount{12\p@ \@plus 3\p@ \@minus 3\p@}
\setlength\bigskipamount{18\p@ \@plus 3\p@ \@minus 3\p@}
%
\if@imsart@twoside
\else
    \if@ejs@ps@ss@layout
        % it's twoside but centered
        \advance\evensidemargin by \oddsidemargin
        \divide\evensidemargin by \tw@
        \oddsidemargin=\evensidemargin
        \marginparwidth=65\p@% as in article with oneside
    \fi
\fi
%
% setpkgattr, getpkgattr, do@option@list
%
\def\sep@key@value#1=#2/?/#3{\setpkgattr{#3}{#1}{#2}}
\def\do@option@list#1#2{%
    \@for\curr@option:={#2}\do{%
        \expandafter\sep@key@value\curr@option/?/{#1}\relax
        }%
    }
\def\pkgattr@namedef{\long\gdef}
\def\pkgattr@namedef@def#1{\expandafter\pkgattr@namedef\csname #1\endcsname}
\protected\def\setpkgattr{\@ifnextchar[{\@setpkgattr}{\@@setpkgattr}}
\protected\def\getpkgattr#1#2{\csname #1@#2\endcsname}
\long\def\@setpkgattr[#1]#2#3#4{%
    \pkgattr@namedef@def{#2@#3}{#4}%
    }
\long\def\@@setpkgattr#1#2#3{%
    \pkgattr@namedef@def{#1@#2}{#3}%
    }
%
% newpseudoenvironment
% same as \newenvironment, but new environment do not have additional groups \bgroup \egroup
% (i.e. all definitions are not local
%
\let\org@begin\begin
\let\org@end\end
\def\begin#1{%
    \@ifundefined{pseudo@#1}%
        {\org@begin{#1}}%
        {\csname pseudo@#1\endcsname[0]\relax}%
    }
\def\end#1{%
    \@ifundefined{pseudo@#1}%
        {\org@end{#1}}%
        {\csname pseudo@#1\endcsname[1]\relax}%
    }
\def\newpseudoenvironment#1#2#3{%
    \expandafter\gdef\csname pseudo@#1\endcsname[##1]{%
        \relax
        \ifcase##1\relax\def\@@next@@{#2}\or\def\@@next@@{#3}\else\let\@@next@@\relax\fi
        \@@next@@
        }%
    }
%
% pubyear, volume, paperno
%
\def\pubyear#1{\gdef\@pubyear{(#1) }\gdef\@copyrightyear{#1 }}
\def\@pubyear{}
\def\@copyrightyear{}
%
\def\volumetitle#1{\gdef\volume@title{#1 }}
%
\def\volume#1{\gdef\@volume{Vol. #1 }}
\gdef\@volume{}
%
\def\issue#1{\gdef\@issue{No. #1 }}
\gdef\@issue{}
%
\def\paperno#1{\gdef\@paperno{Paper no. #1 }}
\gdef\@paperno{00}
%
% firstpage, lastpage, pagerange
%
\newcounter{firstpage}
\newcounter{lastpage}
%
\def\firstpage#1{%
    \def\@tempa{#1}%
    \ifx\@tempa\@empty
    \else
        \gdef\@firstpage{#1}%
        \global\c@firstpage=#1%
        \global\c@lastpage=#1%
        \global\c@page=#1 \ignorespaces\fi
    }
%
\def\lastpage#1{%
    \def\@tempa{#1}%
    \ifx\@tempa\@empty
    \else
        \gdef\@lastpage{#1}%
        \global\c@lastpage=#1%
        \ignorespaces
    \fi
    }
%
\def\pagerange@sep{--}
%
\def\set@pagerange{%
    \ifnum\c@firstpage=0%
    \else
        \ifnum\c@firstpage=\c@lastpage
            \gdef\@pagerange{\thefirstpage}%
        \else
            \gdef\@pagerange{\thefirstpage\pagerange@sep\thelastpage}%
        \fi
    \fi
    }
%
\def\@pagerange{}
%
\def\pagenumbering#1{%
    \gdef\thefirstpage{\csname @#1\endcsname\c@firstpage}%
    \gdef\thelastpage{\csname @#1\endcsname\c@lastpage}%
    \gdef\thepage{\csname @#1\endcsname\c@page}%
    }
%
% hyperref redefines \pagenumbering, so we must override hyperref definition:
\let\ims@pagenumbering\pagenumbering
%
% check last page
\newbool{checklpage}
\def\check@last@page{%
    \ifbool{checklpage}%
        {%
            \ifnum0\number\c@lastpage>0\relax
                \ifnum0\number\c@lastpage=\c@page
                \else
                    \special{mt:error Wrong lastpage!}%
                    \@latex@error{Wrong lastpage: set to \number\c@lastpage, 
                        should be \the\c@page!}\@ehc
                \fi
            \fi
        }%
        {}%
    }
\AtEndDocument{\check@last@page}
%
% startlocaldefs, endlocaldefs
%
\def\startlocaldefs{\makeatletter}
\def\endlocaldefs{\makeatother}
%
% thanksref, thanksmark, thankslabel, thankstext
% to be safe with hyperref we will use original LaTeX definitions:
%
\def\saferef#1{\expandafter\safe@setref\csname r@#1\endcsname\@firstoftwo{#1}}
\let\safe@setref\@setref
%
\def\safelabel#1{%
    \@bsphack
    \protected@write\@auxout{}%
        {\string\thanksnewlabel{#1}{{\@currentlabel}{\thepage}}}%
    \@esphack
    }
%
\long\def\safe@footnotetext#1{\insert\footins{%
    \reset@font\footnotesize
    \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
    \splittopskip\footnotesep
    \splitmaxdepth \dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty \@MM
    \hsize\columnwidth \@parboxrestore
    \color@begingroup
        \def\@thefnmark{}%
        \@makefntext{%
            \rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces #1\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
    \color@endgroup
    }}%
%
\long\def\orig@footnotetext#1{\insert\footins{%
    \reset@font\footnotesize
    \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
    \splittopskip\footnotesep
    \splitmaxdepth \dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty \@MM
    \hsize\columnwidth \@parboxrestore
    \protected@edef\@currentlabel{%
        \csname p@footnote\endcsname\@thefnmark
    }%
    \color@begingroup
        \@makefntext{\rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces#1\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
    \color@endgroup
    }}%
%
\let\thanksnewlabel\newlabel
%
% we want to use various counters:
\def\usethankscounter#1{%
    \@ifundefined{current@thankscounter}%
        {\gdef\previous@thankscounter{#1}}%
        {\xdef\previous@thankscounter{\current@thankscounter}}%
    \def\current@thankscounter{#1}%
    }
%
\def\restorethankscounter{\xdef\current@thankscounter{\previous@thankscounter}}
%
\newcounter{thanks}
\def\thethanks{\@fnsymbol\c@thanks}
\usethankscounter{thanks}
%
% address ref:
\newcounter{addressref}
\def\theaddressref{\arabic{addressref}}
%
\def\thanksmark@fmt#1{\@textsuperscript{\normalfont#1}}
\def\thanksref@sep{,}
%
% hooks for the hyperref:
\def\thankref@hyperlink#1{\saferef{#1thanks}}
\def\thanks@hypertarget#1{}
%
% printing the marks
\DeclareRobustCommand{\thanksref}{%
    \@ifnextchar[{\@tempswatrue\@thanksref}{\@tempswafalse\@thanksref[]}%
    }
\let\orig@thanksref\thanksref
%
\def\@thanksref[#1]#2{%
    \if@tempswa% []
        \thanksmark@fmt{#1}%
    \else
        \let\@tempa\@empty
        \thanksmark@fmt{\@for\@tempb:=#2\do{%
            \csname thanksref@hook\endcsname
            \@tempa
            \let\@tempa\thanksref@sep
            \edef\@tempb{\expandafter\@firstofone\@tempb\@empty}%
            \thankref@hyperlink{\@tempb}%
            }}%
    \fi
    }
%
% form and print mark
\def\thanksmark{\@ifnextchar[{\@tempswatrue\@thanksmark}{\@tempswafalse\@thanksmark[]}}
%
\def\@thanksmark[#1]#2{%
    \@thankslabel[#1]{#2}%
    \thanksmark@fmt{\expandafter\saferef{#2thanks}\thanks@hypertarget{#2}}%
    }
%
% form only mark
\def\thankslabel{\@ifnextchar[{\@tempswatrue\@thankslabel}{\@tempswafalse\@thankslabel[]}}
%
\def\@thankslabel[#1]#2{%
    \if@tempswa% []
        \protected@edef\@currentlabel{#1}%
    \else
        \refstepcounter{\current@thankscounter}%
    \fi
    \@ifundefined{temp@label@#2thanks}%
        {\global\@namedef{temp@label@#2thanks}{}\safelabel{#2thanks}}%
        {}%
    }
%
% form a mark and place text in \@thanks:
\def\thankstext{\@ifnextchar[{\@tempswatrue\@thankstext}{\@tempswafalse\@thankstext[]}}
%
\def\@thankstext[#1]#2#3{%
    \@thankslabel[#1]{#2}%
    \protected@xdef\@thanks{\@thanks\protect\thanks@thefnmark{#2thanks}%
    \protect\orig@footnotetext{\thanks@hypertarget{#2}#3}}%
    }
%
\def\thanks@thefnmark#1{\begingroup\unrestored@protected@xdef\@thefnmark{\saferef{#1}}\endgroup}
%
% ST macro for creation customized enumeration system
\def\setvaluelist#1#2{%
    \@tempcnta=0\relax
    \@for\@curr@val:=#2\do{%
        \advance\@tempcnta by 1\relax
        \expandafter\protected@xdef\csname #1@item@\the\@tempcnta\endcsname{\@curr@val}%
        }%
    \expandafter\protected@xdef\csname #1@item@0\endcsname{\the\@tempcnta}%
    }
\xdef\getitemvalue#1#2{\noexpand\csname #1@item@#2\endcsname}
%
% \ead, \printead
%
\RequirePackage{keyval}
%
\def\email@text{e-mail: }
\def\url@text{url: }
\def\fullurl@text{url: }
\def\ead@sep{;~}
\let\ead@size\relax
\def\printead@fmt#1{#1}
%
\newcounter{emailref}
\setvaluelist{emailmarks}{*,**,\textdagger,\textdaggerdbl}
\def\theemailref{\getitemvalue{emailmarks}{\the\c@emailref}}
\define@key{ead}{mark}[true]{%
    \usethankscounter{emailref}%
    \thankslabel{\ead@label}%
    }
%
\RequirePackage{ifpdf}
\def\orcid@base{https://orcid.org/}
\def\orcid@special@pdf#1{\special{pdf: #1}}
\def\orcid@pic@pdf{%
    \hbox to 9bp{%
        \vrule width \z@ height 9bp%
        \orcid@special@pdf{% 
            q 1 0 0 -1 0 9 cm q 0.65098 0.807843 0.223529 rg 9 4.5 m 9 
            6.984 6.984 9 4.5 9 c 2.016 9 0 6.984 0 4.5 c 0 2.016 2.016 
            0 4.5 0 c 6.984 0 9 2.016 9 4.5 c h 9 4.5 m f 1 1 1 rg 2.492 
            2.781 0.543 3.766 re f 3.828 2.781 m 5.289 2.781 l 6.684 
            2.781 7.297 3.777 7.297 4.664 c 7.297 5.633 6.539 6.551 
            5.297 6.551 c 3.828 6.551 l h 4.371 6.062 m 5.23 6.062 l 
            6.457 6.062 6.738 5.129 6.738 4.664 c 6.738 3.91 6.258 3.27 
            5.203 3.27 c 4.371 3.27 l h 4.371 6.062 m f 3.117 1.996 m 
            3.117 2.191 2.961 2.352 2.762 2.352 c 2.566 2.352 2.41 2.191 
            2.41 1.996 c 2.41 1.801 2.566 1.641 2.762 1.641 c 2.961 
            1.641 3.117 1.805 3.117 1.996 c h 3.117 1.996 m f Q Q
            }\hss
        }%
    }
\def\orcid@pic@ps{%
    \hbox to 9bp{%
        \vrule width \z@ height 9bp%
        \special{" gsave 0 0 9 9 rectclip
            1 0 0 -1 0 9 6 array astore concat gsave 0.65098 0.807843 0.223529 setrgbcolor
            9 4.5 moveto 9 6.984 6.984 9 4.5 9 curveto 2.016 9 0 6.984 0 4.5 curveto 
            0 2.016 2.016 0 4.5 0 curveto 6.984 0 9 2.016 9 4.5 curveto closepath
            9 4.5 moveto fill 1 setgray 2.492 2.781 0.543 3.766 exch dup neg 3 1 roll 5 3 roll 
            moveto 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto 0 rlineto closepath fill
            3.828 2.781 moveto 5.289 2.781 lineto 6.684 2.781 7.297 3.777 7.297 4.664 curveto 
            7.297 5.633 6.539 6.551 5.297 6.551 curveto 3.828 6.551 lineto closepath
            4.371 6.062 moveto 5.23 6.062 lineto 6.457 6.062 6.738 5.129 6.738 4.664 curveto 
            6.738 3.91 6.258 3.27 5.203 3.27 curveto 4.371 3.27 lineto closepath
            4.371 6.062 moveto fill 3.117 1.996 moveto 3.117 2.191 2.961 2.352 2.762 2.352 curveto 
            2.566 2.352 2.41 2.191 2.41 1.996 curveto 2.41 1.801 2.566 1.641 2.762 1.641 curveto 
            2.961 1.641 3.117 1.805 3.117 1.996 curveto closepath
            3.117 1.996 moveto fill grestore grestore
            }\hss
        }%
    }
\ifpdf
    \let\orcid@pic\orcid@pic@pdf
\else
    \ifdefined\XeTeXversion
        \def\orcid@special@pdf#1{\special{pdf:literal #1}}
        \let\orcid@pic\orcid@pic@pdf
    \else
        \let\orcid@pic\orcid@pic@ps
    \fi
\fi
\def\orcid#1{%
    \ifcsundef{author@\the\c@author @orcid}%
        {\csxdef{author@\the\c@author @orcid}{#1}}%
        {%
            \PackageError{imsart}{author \the\c@author\space contains more than one orcid}\@ehc
        }%
    }
\def\printorcid{%
    \ifcsundef{author@\the\c@author @orcid}%
        {}%
        {%
            \raisebox{-1.3\p@}[\z@][\z@]{{%
                \def\null{}%
                \ims@href
                    {\orcid@base\csname author@\the\c@author @orcid\endcsname}%
                    {\orcid@pic}%
                }}%
        }%
    }
\if@updated@thanksref
    \setvaluelist{emailmarks}{*,\textdagger,\textdaggerdbl,%
        \textsection,\textparagraph,||,**,\textdagger\textdagger,%
        \textdaggerdbl\textdaggerdbl
        }
    \define@key{ead}{mark}[true]{%
        \csxdef{ead@\ead@label @mark}{\the\c@author}%
        \ifcsundef{author@\the\c@author @ead@marks}%
            {\csxdef{author@\the\c@author @ead@marks}{\ead@label}}%
            {\csxappto{author@\the\c@author @ead@marks}{,\ead@label}}%
        }
    \if@balayout
    \else
        \def\theemailref{\@alph{\the\c@emailref}}
        \define@key{ead}{mark}[true]{}
        \def\ead@type@email@posthook{%
            \csxdef{ead@\ead@label @mark}{\the\c@author}%
            \ifcsundef{author@\the\c@author @ead@marks}%
                {\csxdef{author@\the\c@author @ead@marks}{\ead@label}}%
                {\csxappto{author@\the\c@author @ead@marks}{,\ead@label}}%
            }
        \let\ead@type@url@posthook\ead@type@email@posthook
        \let\ead@type@fullurl@posthook\ead@type@email@posthook
    \fi
\fi
%
% we are using keyval package
\define@key{ead}{email}[true]{\def\ead@type{email}}
\define@key{ead}{url}[true]{\def\@tempa{fullurl}\ifx\ead@type\@tempa\else\def\ead@type{url}\fi}
\define@key{ead}{label}{\def\ead@label{#1}}
%
\define@key{ead}{text}{%
    \bgroup
        \def\\{\string\break}%
        \def\break{\string\break}%
        \protected@edef\@currentlabel{#1}%
        \safelabel{\ead@label @\ead@type text}%
    \egroup
    }
%
\define@key{ead}{nopdflink}[true]{%
    \protected@edef\@currentlabel{nolink}%
    \safelabel{\ead@label @nopdflink}%
    }
%
\DeclareRobustCommand\ead[2][label= ,email]{{%
    \def\ead@type{email}% default
    \checkead@prefix#2://\end
    \def\texttildelow{\noexpand\texttildelow}%
    \def~{\string~}%
    \setkeys{ead}{#1}%
    \protected@edef\@currentlabel{#2}%
    \safelabel{\ead@label @\ead@type}%
    \csuse{ead@type@\ead@type @posthook}%
    }}
%
\def\checkead@prefix#1://#2\end{\ifx.#2.\else\def\ead@type{fullurl}\fi}
%
\newif\ifnot@ead@star
\newif\if@printead@opt
%
\def\printead@presep{}
\def\printead@text{}
\define@key{printead}{text}{\def\printead@text{#1}}
\define@key{printead}{presep}{\def\printead@presep{#1}}
%
\DeclareRobustCommand{\printead}{%
    \@ifstar{\not@ead@starfalse\@printead}{\not@ead@startrue\@printead}%
    }
%
\def\@printead{%
    \@ifnextchar[{\@printead@opttrue\@@printead}{\@printead@optfalse\@@printead[]}%
    }
%
\def\@@printead[#1]#2{{%
    \if@printead@opt%[]
        \setkeys{printead}{#1}%
        \printead@presep
        \ifx\printead@text\@empty
            \@printead@optfalse
        \else
            \def\safe@href@text{\printead@text}%
            \not@ead@starfalse
        \fi
    \fi
    \let\prev@ead@text\relax
    \let\@ead@sep\relax
    \let\ead@text\relax
    \let\ead@prefix\relax
    \def\ead@type{}%
    \@tempcnta=0%
    \let\sv@ims@href\ims@href
    \printead@fmt{%
        \@for\ead@ref:=#2\do{%
            \advance\@tempcnta by 1%
            \let\ims@href\sv@ims@href
            \@ead@sep\let\@ead@sep\ead@sep
            \@ifundefined{r@\ead@ref @nopdflink}%
                {}%
                {\def\ims@href##1##2{##2}}%
            \@ifundefined{r@\ead@ref @email}%
                {}%
                {\let\ead@text\email@text\def\ead@type{email}\def\ead@prefix{mailto:}}%
            \@ifundefined{r@\ead@ref @url}%
                {}%
                {\let\ead@text\url@text\def\ead@type{url}\def\ead@prefix{http://}}%
            \@ifundefined{r@\ead@ref @fullurl}%
                {}%
                {\let\ead@text\fullurl@text\def\ead@type{fullurl}\def\ead@prefix{}}%
            \ifx\prev@ead@text\ead@text
                \let\ead@text\relax
            \fi
            \csname printead@hook\endcsname
            \if@printead@opt
                \ifnum\@tempcnta>1%
                    \@latex@error{Command \@backslashchar printead[]{e1} could 
                        have only one parameter "e1"!}\@eha
                \fi
            \else
                \@ifundefined{r@\ead@ref @\ead@type text}%
                    {%
                        \def\ims@href@text{%
                            \@ifundefined{r@\ead@ref thanks}%
                                {}%
                                {\thanksref{\ead@ref}}%
                            \saferef{\ead@ref @\ead@type}%
                            }%
                    }%
                    {%
                        \def\ims@href@text{%
                            \@ifundefined{r@\ead@ref thanks}%
                                {}%
                                {\thanksref{\ead@ref}}%
                            \saferef{\ead@ref @\ead@type text}%
                            }%
                    }%
            \fi
            \bgroup
                \def\null{}%
                \@ifundefined{ead@\ead@ref @mark}%
                    {}%
                    {%
                        \usethankscounter{emailref}%
                        \thanksmark{\ead@ref}%
                        \restorethankscounter
                        \cslet{r@\ead@ref thanks}\relax
                    }%
                \ifnot@ead@star
                    \ead@text
                \fi
                \ead@size
                \ifcsundef{r@\ead@ref @\ead@type}%
                    {\ims@href@text}%
                    {%
                        \ims@href{\ead@prefix\saferef{\ead@ref @\ead@type}}{\csuse{ead@\ead@type @fmt}{\ims@href@text}}%
                    }%
            \egroup
            \@ifundefined{ead@text}%
                {}%
                {\let\prev@ead@text\ead@text}%
            }%
        }%
    }}
%
% \copyrightowner, \corref
\def\copyrightowner#1{\def\copyrightowner@text{#1}}
%
% for corresponding author
\def\corref#1{}
%
% normaltext, nohyphen, today
%
% normal text (justify)
\def\normaltext{%
    \let\\=\@normalcr
    \leftskip=\z@
    \@rightskip=\z@
    \rightskip=\@rightskip
    \parfillskip=\@flushglue
    }
%
% to switch off hyphenation
\def\nohyphen{%
    \pretolerance=\@M
    \tolerance=\@M
    \hyphenpenalty=\@M
    \exhyphenpenalty=\@M
    }
%
% \@ifemptyhbox
\def\@ifnonempty#1{%
    \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{\ignorespaces #1}%
    \ifdim\wd\@tempboxa>1pt #1\fi
    }
%
\@ifundefined{check@head@line@length}%
    {\let\check@head@line@length\@gobbletwo}%
    {}
% pagestyle{imsheadings} \thispagestyle{copyright}
\if@twoside
%
    \def\ps@imsheadings{%
        \def\@oddfoot{\hfill\info@line}%
        \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot
        \def\check@head@line@length@even{%
            \runninghead@size {\pagenumber@size 000\quad}%
            \evenhead@fmt{\leftmark}{\pagenumber@size\quad 000}%
            }%
        \def\@evenhead{%
            \runninghead@size
            \rlap{\pagenumber@size\thepage}\evenhead@fmt{\leftmark}%
            \check@head@line@length{\check@head@line@length@even}{author}%
            }%
        \def\check@head@line@length@odd{%
            \runninghead@size{\pagenumber@size 000\quad}%
            \oddhead@fmt{\rightmark}{\pagenumber@size\quad 000}%
            }%
        \def\@oddhead{%
            \runninghead@size
            \oddhead@fmt{\rightmark}\llap{\pagenumber@size\thepage}%
            \check@head@line@length{\check@head@line@length@odd}{title}%
            }%
        }
\else
    \def\ps@imsheadings{%
        \def\@oddfoot{\hfill\info@line}%
        \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot
        \def\@evenhead{%
            \runninghead@size\hfill\leftmark/\rightmark\hfill
            \llap{\pagenumber@size\thepage}%
            }%
        \def\@oddhead{%
            \runninghead@size\hfill\leftmark/\rightmark\hfill
            \llap{\pagenumber@size\thepage}%
            }%
        }
\fi
%
\def\ps@copyright{%
    \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
    \def\@evenhead{\parbox[t]{\textwidth}{\copyright@size\copyright@text}}%
    \let\@oddhead\@evenhead
    \def\@oddfoot{\hfill\pagenumber@size\thepage\hfill\llap{\info@line}}%
    \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot
    }
%
\def\evenhead@fmt#1{\hfill#1\hfill}
\def\oddhead@fmt#1{\hfill#1\hfill}
%
% url@fmt
%
\def\journalurl#1{\def\journal@url{#1}}
\def\paperurl#1{\def\paper@url{#1}}
%
% DOI
%
\def\doi#1{%
    \gdef\@doi{#1}%
    \gdef\doi@text{\url@fmt{DOI: }{\ttfamily}{#1}{\doi@base\@doi}}%
    }
%
\let\@doi\relax
%
\def\doi@base{https://doi.org/}
\@onlypreamble\doi
%
\protected\def\relateddoi{\@ifnextchar[{\@tempswatrue\@relateddoi}{\@tempswafalse\@relateddoi[]}}
\def\@relateddoi[#1]#2#3{\protect\ims@href{\doi@base#3}{#3}}
%
\protected\def\relateddois{%
    \@ifnextchar[{\@tempswatrue\@relateddois}{\@tempswafalse\@relateddois[]}%
    }
\def\@relateddois[#1]#2#3{%
    \@thankslabel[#1]{#2}%
    \bgroup
        \protected@xdef\@thanks{\@thanks\protect\thanks@thefnmark{#2thanks}%
        \protect\@footnotetext{\thanks@hypertarget{#2}#3}}%
    \egroup
    }
%
% arXiv
%
\def\arxiv#1{%
    \gdef\@arxiv{#1}%
    \thankstext[]{fm@arXiv}{\protect\url@fmt{arXiv: }{}{#1}{\arxiv@base\@arxiv}}%
    }%
%
\let\@arxiv\relax
\@onlypreamble\arxiv
%
% https://arxiv.org/abs/math.PR/0603300
\def\arxiv@base{https://arxiv.org/abs/}
%
% {url}{text}
\def\ims@href#1#2{#2}
\def\ims@nolinkurl#1{#1}
%
% {prefix}{font}{text}{url}
\def\url@fmt#1#2#3#4{%
    \edef\@tempa{#3}%
    \ifx\@tempa\@empty
    \else
        #1{#2\ims@href{#4}{#3}}%
    \fi
    }
%
% LIST ENVIRONMENTS
%
\parsep=\z@
\topsep=\smallskipamount
\partopsep=\z@
\itemsep=\z@
\labelsep=.5em
%
\def\@listI{%
    \leftmargin=\leftmargini
    \parsep=\z@
    \topsep=\smallskipamount
    \itemsep=\z@
    }
%
\def\list@parindent{1pc}
%
% quotation
\let\quotation@size\footnotesize
\def\quotation@itemindent{\list@parindent}
\def\quotation@parindent{\list@parindent}
\def\quotation@leftmargin{\list@parindent}
\let\quotation@rightmargin\z@
\let\quotation@topsep\smallskipamount
%
\def\quotation{%
    \list{}{%
        \quotation@size
        \listparindent=\quotation@parindent
        \itemindent=\quotation@itemindent
        \rightmargin=\quotation@rightmargin
        \leftmargin=\quotation@leftmargin
        \partopsep=\z@
        \topsep=\quotation@topsep
        \parsep=\z@
        \csname quotation@hook\endcsname
        }%
        \item[\Q@strut]\relax
    }
\def\endquotation{\endlist}
%
\def\Q@strut{\leavevmode\hbox{\vrule height9pt depth1pt width0pt}}
%
% quote
\let\quote@size\footnotesize
\def\quote@indent{\z@}
\def\quote@leftmargin{2pc}
\def\quote@rightmargin{2pc}
\let\quote@topsep\smallskipamount
%
\def\quote{%
    \list{}{%
        \quote@size
        \listparindent=\quote@indent
        \itemindent=\listparindent
        \rightmargin=\quote@rightmargin
        \leftmargin=\quote@leftmargin
        \part
  • references.bib651 B
    @book{tsybakov2009introduction,
  author    = {Tsybakov, Alexandre B.},
  title     = {Introduction to Nonparametric Estimation},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  year      = {2009}
}

@book{wasserman2006all,
  author    = {Wasserman, Larry},
  title     = {All of Nonparametric Statistics},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  year      = {2006}
}

@article{stone1982optimal,
  author  = {Stone, Charles J.},
  title   = {Optimal global rates of convergence for nonparametric regression},
  journal = {The Annals of Statistics},
  volume  = {10},
  number  = {4},
  pages   = {1040--1053},
  year    = {1982}
}
  • main.pdfprebuilt · 156 KBReplaced by the first recompile.

    Binary file, seeded as-is.

  • main.synctex.gzprebuilt · 16 KBReplaced by the first recompile.

    Binary file, seeded as-is.